Hayvonote, ki shariat zabhi onhoro baroi qurboni joiz donistaast, buz, gusfand, shutur, va gov meboshand, chy baroi uzhiya va chy baroi hadyi Haram zabh shavand. Zabhi digar hayvonot baroi in amr joiz nest. Hudovand navi chahorpoyoni qurboniro khud muayyan namuda va dar Quroni karim onhoro «bakhimatu-l-anom» nomidaast, on jo ki mefarmoyad: «Va baroi har ummate id va zabh (va yo zabkh,gokh,)-e gardonidaem, to nomi Hudoro bar on chi ba onho az bahimai anom ruzi dodaast, yod namoyand». Bahimatu-l-anom dar lugat ba manoi hay-
vonot – chahorpoyoni halolgushti khonagi ast. Dar talimoti sunnati nabavy pahluhoi digar va ahkomi bozmondai in shiori ruzi id – qurbony ba tafsil bayon gardidaast. Qurboni va zabhi chahorpoyoni mazkur ba du sharti zerin durust meshavad:
1. Sinnashon baroi qurboni rasida boshad. Sinni qurboni baroi chahorpoyoni mazkur on ast, ki gusfand yak, gov du va shutur panj solro pur karda boshand. Tanho gusfande, ki shash moh va yo aksari havl (sol)-ro pur karda, zohiran az gusfandi yaksola chandon farqe nadoshta boshad, niz qurboniyash joiz ast.
2. Solim buda, hej aybu nuqse nadoshta boshand, yane hej yak az azoi onho, ba monandi dast, poy, dum va yo gushashon burida nashuda boshad va hamchunin hayvoni kur, logar (kharob) va yo lange naboshad, ki natavonad to qurbongoh biravad, zero qurbonii on joiz nest.
Az Aly (r) rivoyat shudaast, ki payombar (s) farmud: «CHashm va gushi moli qurboniro bo diqqat gushburida, ki -okhro qur yo gushchok va؛r)v va yo bari gushash burida shudaast va
Dar in jo ba baze masoili marbut ba kurbony va hamchunin ba
baze vasfho va khususiyathoi chahorpoe, ki baroi kurbony peshbiny
meshavad, ishora menamoem:
1. Dar shutur va gov hamchunin shirkati to haft nafar qurbonikun durust ast. Vaqte chand kas (az du to haft nafar) dar yak qurboni sharik shavand, qurboniashon vaqte durust meshavad, ki khostu irodai hamai sharikon nazdiki ba sui Hudovandi mutaol boshad. Agar yake az sharikon maqsadi kharidani gusht doshta boshad, na qurboni va yo qurbati digare, qurbonii digar sharikon niz durust nameshavad. Agar jihat va navi qurbati sharikon az ham farq kunad, masalan, yake baroi qurboni, digare baroi shukri (hady)-i tamattu, seyumi baroi hadyai kiron, chorumi baroi kafforati savgand, panjum baroi jarimai khun dar tarki ehrom az mikot, shashum baroi hadyai nafli dar hajji ifrod va haftum baroi aqiqai farzandash dar on sharik shavand, boke nadorad, zero niyati hama qurbat va nazdiky ba Hudo ast.
2. CHahorpoe, ki baroi qurboni omoda namuda bud, nogahon gum shud va ba joi on hayvoni digare kharid, dar hamin vaqt hayvoni yakum niz paydo shud, agar shakhs sarvatmand boshad, qurbony kardani yake az onho bar vay vojib meboshad, vale agar faqir boshad, qurboni karda-
ni har du vojib meboshad.
3. SHakhs metavonad gushti qurboniro ham khud bikhurad va ham ba kheshonu hamsoyagoni khud miqdore bidihad.
4. Pusti qurboni yo qimati onro khayr namoyad va yo onro khudash istifoda namoyad. Az puli gusht yo puli qurboni tamir namudani masjid va yo digar makonhoi khayriya joiz nest.
5. SHakhsi qurbonikunanda metavonad pusti qurboniro ba masrafi khud birasonad, ba monandi in ki az on mashq yo farsh bisozad.
6. Muzdi zabhkunandaro az pustu gushti qurboni nadihad.
7. CHizhoe, ki ba hayvoni zabhshuda taalluq dorand, az qabili resmon, nukhta va ira, boyad hamaro khayr namoyad.
8. SHakhse, ki qurboni bar vay vojib nagashtaast, agar ba niyati qurboni gusfande kharad, pas az kharidory qurboni kardan bar vay vojib megardad. Zero ibodathoi nafly bo shuru vojib megardand.
9. Bar kase, ki qurboni vojib meboshad, agar dar ruzhoi muayyan qurboni nakard, boyad dar ruzhoi bady qimati gusfand yo khudi gusfandro agar kharidory shudaast, khayr namoyad.
10. SHakhse nazr kard, ki agar falon koram amaly shavad, baroi Hudo gusfande khayr khoham kard, pas az amaly gardidani maromash, nazr bar zimmaash vojib megardad. Boyad ba on vafo namoyad va gushti hayvoni nazrshudaro ba fakironu bechoragon bidihad. Baroi khudi shakhsi nazrkunanda khurdan az gushti qurbonii nazriash halol va joiz nest. Zabhi hayvoni nazrgashta, agar onro ba ruzi id marbut va makhsus nagardonida boshad, yane ruzashro muayyan nasokhta boshad, pas az amaly gardidani maromash dar har ruze surat girad, joiz meboshad.
11. SHakhse bo maylu ragbati khud jihati rizoi Hudo baroi rasidani savobe ba guzashtagonash chorvoe qurboni kunad, az gushti on boyu kambagal metavonand bikhurand, vale agar bino ba vasiyati khudi darguzashta in korro karda boshad, boyad tanho fakironu bechoragon az gush-
ti on bikhurand.
12. Be ijozat az tarafi kase qurboni kardan joiz nest va hamchunin, shirkati ib be ijozati khudash saheh nameboshad.
13. Hayvonotero baroi naslovari va parvarish ba surati munosafa (nisf dar nisf) va gayra ba kase suporad, chunin qarordod joiz nest va on shakhs korgari bo muzd (dahmarda) ba shumor meravad. Binobar in, kharidani hayvone az chunin chuponho baroi qurboni be ijozati sohibash joiz nest.
14. CHand nafare dar gov yo shutur bo ham sharik shavand, metavonand tamomi gushti onro khom yo pukhta khayr namoyand. Dar vaqti judo namudani hissai har yak sharik on hatman boyad ba tarozu taqsim shavad. Gushti qurboniro ba kofiron niz metavon taqsim namud.
15. Qurboni kardani hayvoni bordor joiz ast, vale hayvoni be haml bekhtar ast. Agar pas az zabhi modar barra yo buzola va yo gusolae zinda berun oyad, onro niz boyad qurboni namoyad.