AMALIYOTI QUSHUNI PODSHOHI DAR OSIYOI MIYONA

Solhoi 1862-1863 kushunkhoi rus yakchand amaliyoti chosusi guzaronida, yak qator istekhkomhoi strategiro ishol kardand. Mokhi sentyabri soli 1864 Rossiyai podshohi bo du samt az tarafi Orenburg va Avuli Attor ba hujum guzasht, CHimkentro ishol kardand. Qushuni rus bo rohbarii CHernyaev ba Toshkent harakat kardand. Lekin khuchumi onho baror nagirifta, ba CHimkent akib nishastand. Okhirhoi mokhi apreli soli 1865 badi muborizai sakht kushuni podshokhii rus kalai Niyozbek, ki dar sokhili daryoi CHirchik voqe gurdida, shakhrro ba ob tamin mekard va dar mudofiai shakhr mavqei kalon dosht, ishgol kardand. SHakhri Toshkand 15 iyuni soli 1865 az tarafi kushuni podshokhi tasarruf karda shud.
Davlathoi feodalii Osiyoi Miyona bayni hamdigar ziddiyat doshtand. CHanghoi baynihamdigari ba vaziyati siyosi va iktisodii onkho tasiri manfi merasond. Dar nimai avvali soli 1865 amiri Bukhoro ba vodi Farona lashkar kashid. Lashkari khonigarii Quqand mukovimat nishon doda natavonist va amir Muzaffar Quqandro ba zudi zabt namud. Hukmroni sobiki Quqand Hudoyorkhon dubora ba takhti saltanat shinonda shud.
Dar mohhoi yanvar – fevrali soli 1866 gubernatori harbii Turkiston M.CHernyaev ba CHizzakh lashkar kashid, lekin in huchum baror nagirift. Ba choi u D.SH.Romanovskiy tain shud. Kushuni rus bo rohbarii sarfarmondeh Romanovskiy 8-umi mayi soli 1866 dar rohi CHizzakh va Huchand kushuni amiri Bukhororo shikast dod. Qushuni podshohi bo maqsadi az hamdigar chudo kardani Bukhoro va Quqand, hujumi khudro ba Bukhoro va Uroteppa vusat dod.
Qushunhoi hukumati podshohi qad-qadi daryoi sir harakat karda, 19-umi may kalai navro zabt karda, Huchandro ba muhosira girift.
Badi muhosirai duruza dar bayni himoyagaroni shahr chudoi ba amal omad. Guruhe taklif kardand, ki dar muborizai ziddi Rossiya boyad ba amiri Bukhoro takya karda shavad. Guruhi duvvum tarafdori ittifok bo khoni Quqand bud.
Iddae az savdogaron bo rohbarii Azamatkhocha tarafdori be chang taslim shudan budand.
24-umi may Romanovskiy D.I. ba istiloi shahr farmon dod. Dar in vakt Azamatkhocha bo tarafdoroni khud darvozahoi shahrro ba askaroni rus kushodand. Garchande ki sokinoni Huchand baroi har yak kucha muqobiliyat nishon medodand, 25(24) – may Huchand az tarafi askaroni rus ishol karda shud. Okhirhoi mohi sentyabori soli 1866 kushunhoi podshohi ba Uroteppa harakat kardand. Bad az tirparonii duruza 2 – yumi oktyabr qalaro fath kardand. Dar Uroteppa yak otryadro monda, Romanovskiy ba CHizzakh hamla kard. 18- oktyabri soli 1866 ba kuvvahoi amir Muzaffar zarba rasonida shud. CHizzakh ba rusho taslim gasht. Baroi davom dodani siyosati minbadai istilogarona dar Osiyoi Miyona Rossiyai podshokhi khoni Kundro ba bastani shartnoma machbur kard. Soli 1868 bayni Hukumati Rossiya va khonigarii Quqand sulkhnoma basta shud. Muvofiki on khonigarii Quqand vasalai Rossiya gardid.
Bahori soli 1868 kushuni rus takhti farmondehii Kaufman ba muqobili amiri Bukhoro amaliyoti changiro idoma dod. 2 mayi soli 1868 Samarqandro ishol namuda, Kaufman ba tarafi Zirabuloq khuchum ovard. Az vaziyati kulay istifoda burda, pisari amir Muzaffar bo yorii beki SHakhrisabz dar Samarkand shurish bardosht. Otryadi dar on cho budai rusho dar vaziyati noguvor mondand. Kaufman amaliyoti harbiro qat karda, ba Samarkand bargasht va shurishro pakhsh namud. Bad az in kushunhoi rus Katakuron va Urgutro zabt karda, ba tarafi Bukhoro harakat kardand.
23- iyuni soli 1868 bayni Rossiya va amiri Bukhoro shartnoma imzo karda shud. Muvofiki shartnoma zaminahoi az tarafi Rossiya ishol karda shuda: Huchand, Uroteppa, Panchakent, Samarqand, Kakurn to Zeribulok ba tasarrufi Rossiya guzashtand. Bukhoro vasali Rossiya gardid. Amir bo davlathoi khorichi mustakilona munosibat karda nametavonist. Bukhoro meboist ba Rossiya ba mablagi 500 hazor sum tovoni chang dihad.
Savdogaroni rus huquq giriftand, ki dar tamomi qalamravi Bukhoro ozodona savdo kunand va dunhoi savdoi kushoyand. Hukumati Bukhoro khimoya kardani bekhatarii savdogaronro ba zima girift.
Bukhororo ba dast darovarda, kushuni rus ba mukobili khonigarii Hiva khuchum karda, 12-avgusti soli 1873 bo in khonigari shartnoma basta shud. Muvofiki in sulkhnoma Heva ham vasali Rossiya shud.
Soli 1876 pas az pakhsh namudani shurishi Quqand, kalamravi in khonigari ba hayati general – gubernatori Turkiston hamroh karda shud.
Dar solhoi minbada ba muqobiliyati Angliya nigoh nakarda, Rossiya zabtkorii khudro dar Osiyoi Miyona davom dod. Dar solhoi 80-um kushunhoi rus sokhilhoi bahri Kaspiy, soli 1881 Ashkhobodro zabt kardand. Soli 1884 kushunhoi podshokhi vodi Marv, sokhilhoi daryoi Tenchen va Murgobro to Kushka ishgol kardand.
Dar solhoi minbada dar vaziyati tezu tundi siyosi bayni Rossiya va Angliya oid ba masalai Pomir kushunkhoi rus dar in mintaqa niz mavqei khudro mustakhkam namud. CHambasti siyosati mustamlikavii Rossiya dar Osiyoi Miyona in shartnomai bayni Rossiya va Angliya az 25- fevrali soli 1895 bud.