Toj.su
Asosi bovary va talimot (usuli din)-i masehiyon iborat az mavzuhoi zerin ast:
- bovary ba muqaddas va vahy budani kitobi «Bibliya»;
- bovary ba Hudo dar se simo (iqnum): Padarkhudo, Pisarkhudo(- Esoi Maseh=Iisus Hristos), Ruhulquds,
- bovary ba imkoni pok namudani gunohon va najoti inson az nakhustgunoh;
- bovary ba naqshi miyonaravii kaliso;
- bovary ba vujudi farishtaho va shayton (iblis).
- Kitobi muqaddas «Bibliya» sarchashmai asosii talimot va bovarihoi nasroniyon ast. Muvofiqi etiqodi masehiyon «Bibliya» sukhanoni ilohy meboshad, ki az tariqi vahy ba paygambaron nozil shudaast.
In kitob az du qism- «Ahdi qadim» va «Ahdi jadid» iborat ast. Ahdi qadim, panj kitobi Muso , ki Tavrot nom dorad va kutubi podshohon va nabiyonro dar bar megirad. «Panjkitobi Muso» az kitobhoi «Hasty», «Huruj», «Ibodat», «Adadho» va «Takrori SHariat», inchunin gayr az in boz 34 kitobi podshohon va nabiyon, chunon ki dar bobi yahudiya guftem, dokhil shudaast. «Ahdi jadid» az chor «Injili Iso»: «Matto», «Marqus», «Luqo» va «YUhanno» va 33-nomai shogirdoni u tashakkul yoftaast.
Teologho (ulamo)-i nasrony bayni vahy va ilhomot farq meguzorand. Vahy oyotest, ki ba vositai on Hudo haqiqati nav: manivu ahkomi tozai qablan ba aqli insonho noayonro nozil kardaast.
Az nazari ilmy Bibliya yake az sarchashmahoi muhimmi tarikhy, mazhaby va badeii -farhangy yake az barjastatarin yodgoriho va shohkorihoi madaniyati basharist. Vay dar khud jahonbiny va tasavvuroti insonhoro dar borai paydoishi olam, inson va manoi hasty, zindagy va akhloqiyot inikos kardaast.
Bibliya dar tuli 1500 sol az jonibi hududi 40 muallifon navishta shudaast.[1] Vay to imruz ba aksari zabonhoi dunyo, az jumla ba zaboni tojiky (dar soli 1992 az tarafi Institut tarjumai Bibliya dar shahri Stokgolm, mukammal tarjuma va nashr shudaast.
TALIMOT DARBORAI HUDO
Dini Nasrony, yake az dinhoi tavhidy (monoteisty) ba shumor meravad. Tibqi talimoti nasrony Hudo vohid va yakto buda, dar se simo( iqnum): Padar, Pisar va Ruhulquds (Hudo Padar, Hudo Pisar,
Ruhulkuds) zohir meshavad. In tasavvurotro dar dinshinosii tarikhii mo taslis (az kalimai arabi, manoyash segona) menomand. Taslis- se chehrai yak andom(se dar yak vahdat ast) Hudo dar mohiyati khud yagona ast. Harchand dar chehra segona ast.
Hudo doroi sifote (atributhoe) chun: tatirnayobandagy (samadiyat) hamabini (basirat), kudrat, jovidony, mukaddasy, muhabbat va gayra meboshad.
Talimot dar borai Esoi Maseh yak qism az talimot oid ba Hudo meboshad. Masehiyon, chunon ki kablan yodovary shud Esoro Hudo (Pisari yagonai Hudo) meshumorand, chun u nomhoi khudoy, sifati khudoy, amoli khudoy dorad.
Dar barobari in ba insoniyati Eso niz mutakidan, chun u doroi nomi insony, jismi tabii, bunyodi insoni, hamon ehsosote, ki khosi odamoni mamuli meboshand, bud.
Hamchunin asli bovari va talimoti dini masehiro talimot dar borai chigunagii margi U, ehyoi U, ba osmon raftani U va bozgashti U dar bar megirad.
Talimoti masehiyat dar mavridi inson. Nazariyai masehiyon oid ba khilkat,ofarinish, zindagii to gunohi nakhustin hamon ast, ki dar dini yahudiya buda.
Va ammo on chi dar Tavrot (Ahdi kadim) nisbat ba ofarinishi inson omadaast chunin ast: Dar ruzi shashumi ofarinish, pas az ofaridani hayvonoti vahshi, chorpoyon va khazandagon Parvardigor dast ba khilkati Odam mezanad: «Va Hudo Guft: Odamro ba surati mo biofarem; va onho bar mohiyoni nahr va bar parrandagoni osmon va bar chorpoyon va bar tamomi zamin hukm ronand.» (Hasti. 1:26). Va nihoyat «Hudo odamro ba surati khud ofarid, uro ba surati Hud ofarid; onhoro mardu zan ofarid.» (Hasti. 1:2b).
Dar joi digar hamin mazmun bo kame tavzeh omadaast «Va Hudovand Hudo odamro az khoki zamin bisirisht, va ba binnii vay ruhi hayot damid, va Odam joni zinda shud.» (Hasti. 2:7).
Bad az in tasviru bayoni dostoni sukunati Odam dar bogi Adan, ofarida shudani zani Odam Havvo va nofarmoni kardani onho ba farmoishi Hudo (bo khurdani mevai mamnushuda ), nafrini Hudovand va ronda shudani onho az bog meoyad.
Nazariyai talofi yo’ kaforai gunohon yake az talimoti asosii nasroniyat meboshad. Dar konsepsiyai yahudi – nasronii inson nakhustgunoh va oqibati on ba hamai nasli Odam taalluk megirad. Kaforat az chand tarik: az tariki shafoati Esoi Maseh, etikod, tavba, tavallud az olami bolo, tabraa (safed) shudan, pisarkhondi, namoz va gayra surat megirad.
Talimot oid ba kaliso (serkv) yake az qismathoi tarkibii talimoti nasroni meboshad. Kalisoro nasroniyon padidai nave dar tarikhi zamin meshumorand.
Kaliso dar Injil hamchun tani noayoni Esoi Maseh ast. On joyest, ki muminoni az in olami purgunoh bozpaskhonda shuda, bo Ruhulquds ehyo va bo ham va bo Esoi Maseh hamchun azoi yak tan dar Mulku Saltanati U, payvast gardidaand.[2]
Az in ru, vaqto, ki kaliso gufta meshavad, naboyad hamon bino yo kokhi ibodatgohe yo jamomadgohi muminonro dar nazar doshta boshem. Bino az sang sokhta meshavad, kaliso boshad az odamon va farishtagon – «Sanghoi zinda» (1 Petr. 2: 5) tashkil meshavand. Hizmadguzoroni kaliso, muvofiqi bovarii in din, nazdikon muqaraboni Masehand.
Kalisohoi nasroni hamchunin mahalli ibodathoi guruhi, jashni idho, gusli tamid, nikoh va gayra meboshand.
Kaliso tarikhan naqshi khele muassire chi dar hayoti ijtimoiyu siyosi va chi madaniyu manavii kishvarhoi masehi guzoshtaast va megzorad.
Tayr az on dar nasroniyat boz talimot oid ba mavjudoti ruhonii farishtavu maloik va iblis (shayton) mavjud ast, ki dar in kitob imkoni bayoni hamai onho nest.
[1] Bibliya\\dar borai Bibliya.. tarj. tojiky. Stokgolm. 1992. -S.7.
[2] Nig: Konstantin Levsheniya. Doktrini Bibliya, s. 211-241; «Jiv Bog» (pravoslavniy katekhizis) Pod red port . K. Fatieva.
