Toj.su
Islom dar ozmoishgokhdoi tarbiyavii khud na tanho bo sarkub namu-
dani sifathoi darrandakhuy va sarpush guzoshtan ba rui razoili akhlo-
ki dar botini inson iktifo namenamoyad va bo in rokhi halhoi muvak-
kati va ba zokhir satkhy khushnud namegardad, balki bo chalb namudani
tavajjukh,i u ba hadaf va mokhiyati akhkomi ibody va ruknhoi tarbiyavii
khud mekhohad dar botini odamy hamon fitrati beoloish, kamolkhoh va
khudoii uro ba harakat va puyoy darbiovarad va bo ba vuchud ovardani
vijdoni imony va malakai (nerui) khudidorakunandai dokhily hamesha
uro bar sokhtani shakhsiyat va sarnavishti khud kodir va musallat namoyad.
Dar chunin holat ast, ki ruzador digar na tanho az khurdanu nushi-
dan va hamkhobagy bo hamsarash ruzona khuddory menamoyad, balki az be-
hudaguiyu zishtsukhany, saru sadohoi bejo va tamomi amoli jokhilona
khuddory mevarzad. Az jangu khusumatho, durugu tukhmatzaniho, gaybat-
kuniho va korhoi digare, ki bar khilofi mokhiyati ruza va joygokhi
shakhsi ruzadorand, ba kully dury mejuyad.
Payombar (s) rui in nukta takid namuda, mefarmoyad: «Vaste kase
az shumo ruzador boshad, uargiz sukhani beuudavu zisht naguyad va dodu
faryod nakashad va az akhz namoyad. Agar kase ba u
dikhad yo ba siteza (CH01؛N1CH؛OL1) barkhezab, ba vay bigyad: Man r a
dor hastam, man ruzador hastam».
On Hazrat (s) boz mefarmoyad: «Kase, ki az guftori botil (durug
va bekhuda) va amali ba on dast ا Hudo ba khuddorii
1. Pas az tay namudani in marhalahoi insonsoz ruzador ba shakh-
siyati nek va khayrkhokhi chomea tabdil meyobad. Ehsonu neky, toatu ibo-
dat va tamomi korhoi khayre, ki dar mokhi Ramazon anjom megirand, ba
khotiri fazilate, ki in mokh, dar peshgokhi Hudovand dorad, az korhoe,
ki dar mohhoi digar anjom doda meshavand, bartary dorand. Payomba-
ri Islom (s) mefarmoyad: «Bekhtarin va dustdoshtatarin amal, sadaks
؛son dar nazdi Hudo on as ki dar dakhai akhiri myukh؛!،؟ va
girad…» .35
Dar hadisi digare omadaast, ki on Hazrat (s) pursida shud: Pas az
Ramazon kadom ruza afzal ast? Farmud: «Ruzai mokhi shabon, ki baroi
(omodabosh va) buzurgdoshti mokhi Ramazon ansom megirad». Boz pursi-
da shud: «Kadom sadaka afzal ast? Farmud: «Sadasae, ki dar mokhi Ra-
mazon ansom girad» .36
Hamchunin rivoyat shudaast, ki Rasuli Hudo (s) farmud: «…Vaste
Hudo baroi bandae khayrro b؛ii؛okh؛a1d٠, uro ba amal girab, pursida shub, ki
ey Rasuli Hudo (s), uro chi guna ba amal girad? Farmud: Uro pesh az marg
ba agn١^s٠m1i amali solekhe muvaffaq ؛؛agrd>(٠na1d va bar on qabz namk»yad>»>.37
Pas boyad shakhsi ruzador ham duo kunad, ki Hudo uro ba anjomi
amalhoi khayr muvaffak gardonad va ham dar anjomi onho chiddu chavd
namoyad.
Rasuli Hudo (s) dar mokhi muboraki Ramazon besh az digar mohho ba
bakhshishu ehson mepardokht va dar mokhi Ramazon, vakte Jabrail () ba
nazdi on Hazrat (s) meomad, az digar ruzho beshtar nekiyu ehson mekard.
2. Ekhei shabkhoi Ramazon: Payombar (s) mefarmoyad: «Har kase dar
Ramazon bar asosi I1myun va ba umedi achru s؛ob ba N1«myuz barkhezab,
gunokhoni peshini u bakhshuda shavand».38
Dar hadisi digare mefarmoyad: «Qiyomi shabro bar khud lozim bigi-
red. On raftori solekhoni pesh az shumo ast va on kurbate ba sui Par-
vardigoraton, pokkunandai sayyiot (badikho), bozdorandai az gunokh va
durkunandai dardu bemori az badan meboshad».39 In hadis harchand qiyo-
mi shabro ba tavri umum bayon medorad, vale khub ravshan ast, ki tasi-
ri on dar rukhiyoti inson dar shabhoi mokhi Ramazon ba marotib besh-
tar ast.
3. Tilovati Quron: Rasuli Hudo (s) dar mokhi muboraki Ramazon
beshtar ba tilovati Quron mepardokht. Ibni Abbos (r) dar bakhshe az
khadisj. «RasuliHudo (s) bosakhotarinimardum bud» mefarmoad.«^
ri Quron ba nazdi on Hazrat meomad».
On Hazrat (s) mefarmoyad: «Ruza va Quron ruzi siyomat ba shafo-
ati shakhs (souibi khud) barmekhezand. Ruza meguyad: Parvardigoro! Ruzho
man az khurdan (-u nushidan) va (rafi digar) khostauoyash mone meshu-
o az؛1 dalg, maro dar borai u shafe
kh^ob٠i u mone megardidam, ،it٠ maro dar borai u b azir؛ Pas har-
duyashon baroi vay shafe gadonida meshavand».
4. Etikof: Az Oisha (r) rivoyat shudaast, ki: «Payombar (s) dah ru-
zi okhiri moui Ramazonro etikof menishast, to on ki Hudo uro qabz
kard. Pas az vay H؛ niz on dah ruzro etikof mge؛n1i1SH1a1s-
tand».
5. Hajji umra: Dar mokhi muboraki Ramazon ba ziyorati khonai Hu-
do raftan dar mukoisa ba mohhoi digar ajru fazilati beshtare do-
rad. Rasuli Hudo (s) mefarmoyad: «Umrae dar mohi Ramazon barobari
uasse meboshad» . 3
6. Iftor dodani ruzadoron: Hamchunin iftor dodani ruzadoron
dar mokhi Ramazon savobi ziyode dorad. Rasuli Hudo (s) mefarmoyad:
«Kase ruzadorero iftor dad, baroyash misj SH1«1H^si ruzador achr H؛o>si1l
meshavad, be on ki az ajru savobi ruzador chize kosta shavad».
Bandai mumin, umuman, boyad lahazoti bosafo va ayyomi bobara-
kati mokhi Ramazonro ganimat shumorad va dar har fursati on kori
khayr va peshraftero bar amoli khud biafzoyad. Abdulloh ibni Mas-
ud (r) dar borai ganimat donistani lahazoti notakrori umr mefar-
moyad: «Bar chize ba misli on ruze, ki oftob dar on gurub namoyad – az
-0ضأ3 ,e dar on naafzoyad؛؛ad va bar amalam g-1g1؛€muhlati hayotam kam gia
mat nakhurdaam». Mardi solekh, va khalifai odil Umar ibni Abdulaziz
(r٦١ mefarmoyad’. «SHabu ruz d٤1r tu amal mekunand, pas tu niz
