Dar dah soli okhir sohibkorii tajribavi az holati qarib batni ba sohai mustaqil va bagoyat afzoyandai iqtisodiyot tabdil yoft. Tahlili rafti barqarorshavi va rushdi sohibkori nishon medihad, ki ba samaranokii on dar sharoiti nigahdorii gayrimuqararii (neelaktikii) talabot va peshnihodot, mavjud nabudani muhiti raqobati, naqshi pasti instituthoi bozargoni dar javozishgaroni tanzim va jori namudani siyosati ziddiinhisori noil gardidaand. Tadqiqoti asoshoi institutsionii muhiti sohibkori imkon medihad, qaziyahoi ijtimoi-iqtisodi, ki dar natijai digargunsozihoi iqtisodi dar mamlakat ba vuqu meoyand, ifoda karda shavand.
Masalahoi tashakkuli muhiti sohibkori va rushdi ijtimoi- iqtisodii sohibkori dar chor janba metavonand hallu fasl karda shavand:
- yakum, omukhtani manfiathoi sohibkoroni miyona va khurd;
- duyum, omukhtani manfiathoi sohibkorii kalon, yane shirkatho va korkhonahoi kalon;
- seyum, tadqiqi manfiathoi korkhonahoi inhisori va tasiri onho ba ravandhoi barqarorshavi va rushdi muhiti sohibkori;
- chorum- tadqiqi manfiathoi shariki davlatiyu khususi va istifodai samaranoki farmoishi davlati ba korkhonahoi khurdu miyona.
In janbaho bo tahlili rushdi ijtimoi-iqtisodii sohibkori, inchunin bo afzoyandagi aloqamand, bo harakatnoki va ba sharoithoi navi iqtisodi mutobiqshavii budani sokhtorhoi sohibkoriro muayyan mekunand, ba rohhoi halli masalahoi tashakkuli muhiti sohibkori ishora menamoyand.
Boyad qayd namud, ki muhiti sohibkori in yak nizomi muayyani yagona va yaklukhti ba tarkibi sharoithoi rushdi sohibkori mutobiqatkunanda meboshad.
Bo maqsadi ba amal ovardani sharoithoi rushdi bofursati ijtimoi-iqtisodii baroi afzoishi daromadhoi voqei va behtar namudani sifati zindagii mardum zarur meboshad. Majlisi namoyandagoni Majlisi Olii Jumhurii Tojikiston (Qarori №666 az 19 iyuni soli 2002) Hujjati Strategiyai past kardani sathi kambizoatiro tasdiq namud. Tibqi hujjati Strategiyai past kardani sathi kambizoati vaseshavi va rushdi faoliyati bakhshi khususi hamchun yake az afzaliyatho dar sohai muboriza alayhi kambizoati judo karda shudaast. Ba amal barovardani masalai mazkur tashakkuli muhiti samaranoki sohibkoriro dar nazar dorad, ki inhoro dar bar megirad:
- tamini zaminai meyori-huquqiro nisbat ba sokhtorhoi sohibkori, istifodai qulayi zakhiraho;
- purzur namudani raqobat tavassuti khususigardonii korkhonahoi sohahoi iqtisodiyot;
- rushdi bozorhoi moliyavi va ba sohibkori peshnihod namudani qarzho;
- rushdi mekhanizmhoi tanzimi samaranoki bozori mehnat;
- tamini dastgirii davlatii sohibkori.
Bo maqsadi baland bardoshtani sathi zindagii aholi Prezidenti Jumhurii Tojikiston soli 2005 baroi tahiyai barnomai darozmuhlati ijtimoiyu iqtisodi-Startegiyai millii rushdi Jumhurii Tojikiston baroi davrai to soli 2015 tashabbus zohir namud va bo darnazardoshti on Srategiyai miyonamuhlati past kardani sathi kambizoati baroi solhoi 2007-2009 va 2010-2012 dar Jumhurii Tojikiston tahiya gardida tatbiq shudaand. Hujjati Strategiyai past kardani sathi kambizoati dar Jumhurii Tojikiston baroi solhoi 2007-2009 va 2010-2012 tatbiqi islohoti institutsionali va iqtisodii mushakhkhasro darbargirifta, baroi dar kishvar noil shudan ba rushdi ustuvori iqtisodi, afzoishi hajm va sifati khizmatrasonihoi ijtimoi, past namudani sathi kambizoatii aholi nigaronida shuda budand.
Holo dar doirai Strategiyai miyonamuhlati baland bardoshtani nekuahvolii odamon dar Tojikiston baroi solhoi 2013-2015 tabiq meshavad.
Tojikiston hanuz dar avvali soli 1991 dar bayni mamlakathoi Ittihodi Davlathoi Mustaqil (IDM) ravandi khususigardonii korkhonahoi khurd va miyonaro ogoz namuda, yake az avvalin joyhoro ishgol mekard. Ammo ba rushdi sohibkorii khususi muqobilistihoi shahrvandoni ibtidoi solhoi 90-um zarari kalon rasond, va tanho badi az tarafi Hukumat va Mukholifini mutahidai tojik mohi iyuni soli 1997 ba imzo rasidani qarordodi sulh, rushdi voqeii iqtisodi va tashakkuli sohibkorii khususi ogoz gardid.
Az ruzi ba dast ovardani mustaqiliyat, az tarafi Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston yak qator qonunu qarorho oid ba rushdi sohibkori qabul karda shudand. CHunonchi, mohi dekabri soli 1991 Qonun «Dar borai jamiyathoi sahhomi», marti soli 1992 – «Dar borai investitsiyahoi khoriji», iyuni soli 1993 – «Dar borai korkhonaho», dekabri soli 1996 – «Dar borai molikiyat dar Jumhurii Tojikiston», mayi soli 1997 – «Dar borai khususigardonii molikiyati davlati» qabul karda shuda budand. Soli 1998 Qarori Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston «Dar borai tadbirho oid ba purzur namudani dastgirii davlatii sohibkorii khurd dar Jumhurii Tojikiston va «Barnomai davlatii dastgiri va rushdi sohibkorii khurd dar Jumhurii Tojikiston» qabul karda shuda budand.
Bo maqsadi dastgirii amalii tijorati khurd va miyona 14 avgusti soli 1997 Agentii oid ba rushd va dastgirii sohibkori dar nazdi Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston tasis doda shud, ki soli 2001 ba Agentii oid ba siyosati ziddiinhisori va dastgirii sohibkori dar nazdi Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston tabdil doda shud. Agentii oid ba siyosati ziddinhisori va dastgirii sohibkori dar nazdi Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston siyosati davlatii dastgirii sohibkoriro dar mamlakat ba amal mebarovard. Holo in vazifahoi Agentii oid ba siyosati ziddinhisori va dastgirii sohibkori ba dushi Vazorati rushdi iqtisod va savdoi Jumhurii Tojikiston, Kumitai davlatii sarmoyaguzori va idorai amvoli davlatii Jumhurii Tojikiston voguzor shudaast.
Dar majmu soli 2004 miqdori khojagihoi dehkonii (fermerii) az qaydguzashta ba 16433 vohid rasida boshad, pas dar avvali soli 2006 miqdori khojagihoi dehqoni (fermeri) to ba 23101 vohid afzudaast. Miqdori khojagihoi dehqoni (fermeri) dar avvali soli 2011 ba 32000 rasid.
Dar sokhtori sohibkori faoliyati mustaqilonai shakhsi voqei, ki az tarafi u biduni tashkili shakhsi huquqi ba amal barovarda meshavad, mavqei muhimro ishgol menamoyad. Tahlil nishon medihad, ki soli 2003 miqdori shahrvandoni ba faoliyati sohibkori dar zaminai patentho biduni tashkili shakhsoni huquqi mashgulbuda ba 99,3 haz. nafar rasid, az on jumla dar khizmatrasonii maishi – 9,5 haz., tijorat va khuroki umumi – 58,7 haz., va digar namudhoi faoliyat mashgulbudagon -0,05 haz. nafarro tashkil mekard.
Tahlili nishondihandagoni asosii faoliyati korkhonahoi ba sohibkori mashgulbuda va darajai shakhsi huquqi doshta nishon 124 medihad, ki miqdori umumii onho dar ibtidoi soli 2004-um 1322 adadro tashkil mekard, ki dar onho 16,2 haz. nafar odamon kor mekardand. Dar ibtidoi soli 2006 miqdori korkhonahoe, ki ba faoliyati sohibkori mashgul budand, ba 1699 adad rasid. Miqdori ziyodi korkhonahoi khurd (35,3%) ba sohai savdo va khuroki umumi, taminot va furush (18,0%) ba sanoat (12,8%), ba sokhtmon va tashkilothoi loihakashi, (15,5%), ba khojagii manziliyu kamunali va digar namudhoi gayriistehsolii khizmatrasonii maishii aholi rost meoyad.
Sathi to ba imruz badastovardashudai rushdi sohibkorii khurd baroi harchi zudtar omoda sokhtani joyhoi navi kori kifoya nest. Tahlil nishon medihad, ki bisyor holathoi manfi dar tashkili faoliyati sohibkori ba nabudani fondhoi makhsusi baroi bunyodi korkhonahoi shakhsi, qarzdihanda va ba mushtariyoni khudi baroi ba dast ovardani zakhirahoi qarzi kumakrasonanda aloqamandand.
Tashakkuli muhiti sohibkori imkon medihad, ki raqobati ozodi bozori ba miyon oyad, sharoit baroi shugli aholii bekor, az jumla tavassuti shugli khudi va suboti voridoti andoz tamin karda shavad. Holo mahdud budani bozori dokhili va nokifoyagii sarmoyaguzoriho naqshi chunin shaklhoi sohibkoriro ba monandi sohibkorii infirodi, sohibkorii khurdu miyona baland megardonad. Tahlil nishon medihad, ki ba hisobi miyona ba har 1000 nafar aholii Tojikiston yak korkhonai tijoratii khurd rost meoyad, hol on ki in nishondihandaho dar Rossiya va 6 kishvarhoi Ittihodi Avrupo na kamtar az 30-to chunin korkhonaho rost meoyand. Dar sokhtori sohavii tijorati khurdu miyona va sohibkorii infirodi faoliyati tijorati beshtar ba mushohida merasad (to 60%, ki sarmoyaguzorihoi kalonro taqozo namenamoyad).
Dar solhoi okhir sokhtori sohavii sohibkorii khurd amalan tagyir nameyobad. Tahlil nishon medihad, ki dar ibtidoi soli 2003 chunin sohai faoliyat hamchun savdo, khuroki umumi (35,8% tamomi korkhonahoro tashkil namud) nisbat ba digaron beshtar jolibtar boqi 125
memonand. Aksar subekthoi sohibkorii khurd dar amal faoliyati khudro qat namudand. CHunonchi, dar okhiri soli 2005 dar jumhuri tanho 1669 korkhonahoi tijorati khurd (be khojagihoi dehkoni (fermeri) dar borai faoliyatashon hisobot peshnihod kardaand. Boqimondagon ba nigohdorii miqyoshoi sohibkoriashon az hisobi kam kardani miqdori hayati koriashon va muzdi kor guzashtand. YAk qismi subekthoi sohibkorii khurd ba asoshoi patenti yo javozi (litsenzioni) guzasht. Az soli 1977 to soli 2002 miqdori oid ba namudhoi mukhtalifi faoliyat patengiriftagon ba 28,8% afzuda, ba 89,3 haz. nafar rasid. Az in miqdor nazdiki 80%-i hamai sohibkoron dar sohahoi savdo va khuroki umumi, 5,4% – dar sanoat, 7,6% – dar naqliyot, 7,4% – dar khizmatrasonii mayishi aholi mashguland. Beshtar az nisori hamai dar bozor savdokunandagon – zanho – sohibkorand, ki hissaashon 23,4 haz. nafar va yo 56,4%-ro tashkil medihad.
Hamin tavr, tahlilho nishon medihand, ki, moneahoi asosii peshgirandai rushdi sohibkori ihoyand:
- mavjudiyati masalahoi tashkilii aksulamali sohibkorii khurdu miyona bo bozor va sokhtorhoi davlati;
- rushdi nokofii zersokhtori bozori sohibkori, nomukammalii nizomi andozbandi va naqshi havasmandkunandagii on baroi vase namudani istehsolot;
- taraqqii nayoftan va nomukammalii mekhanizmhoi moliyavi – qarzi, zaminai bonki va sugurtai tavakkalhoi sohibkorii khurd;
- mavjud nabudani mekhanizmhoi khudmablagtaminkuni (ittifoqhoi qarzi, jamiyathoi yakdigarsugurtakuni va gayra);
- narasidani vositahoi moliyavi va kutohdastii subekthoi sohibkorii khurd nisbat ba iqtidorhoi istehsoli va doroii korkhonahoi sokhtorashon tagyiryobanda;
- mavjud nabudani hifzi umedbakhshi ijtimoi va bekhatarii sohibkoron;
- nomukammalii zaminai meyori huquqi
- mavjudiyati moneahoi sershumori mamuri dar sari rohi rushdi sohibkori
- mavjud nabudani bozorhoi raqobati va mekhanizmhoi bozargoni dar iqtisodiyot, shaffofiyati barobarii nizom, bologiriftani sokhtorhoi inhisori dar bozor
- sathi pasti kasbiyat va tajribai kami sohibkoron dar tashkili faoliyati samaranoki sohibkori
- mushkiloti bahodihi ba ittiloot va barqarorkunii aloqaho bo harifoni khoriji.
Taqviyadihii nizomi andozbandi dar jumhuri bo omilhoi obektivii tamini surati rushdi iqtisodi muayyan karda meshavad va manoi bunyodi nizomi oqilonai andozbandiro dorad. Nizomi oqilonai andozbandi ba ravandhoi voqeii ijtimoi-iqtisodii dar hamin marhilai rushdi sohibkori baamaloyanda komilan muvofiq meboshad.
Siyosati moliyavii jumhuriro ahamiyatnokii jamovarii mablagi kofii voridoti andozi, ki hukumat tavonad baroi dar qismhoi zersokhtorhoi ijtimoi, moddi va murofiavi sarf namoyad. Ammo hangomi jamovarii andozho davlat, boyad ba andozsuporandagon baroi pardokhti hajmi muqarrarshudai andozho kafolat dihad, to ki qobiliyati iqtisodiyot oid ba bunyodi boigariho va taraqqiyoftan kohish nayobad,. Andozho niz boyad az tabaqahoi harchi vasetari aholi jamovarda shavand. Dar Kodeksi navqabulshudai andozi Jumhurii Tojikiston (17 sentyabri soli 2012, № 901), andozhoi umumidavlati (andoz az daromad; andoz az foida; andoz az arzishi ilovashuda; aksizho; andozi ijtimoi; andozho baroi zakhirahoi tabii; andoz az istifodabarandagoni rohhoi avtomobilgard; andoz az furushi nakhi pakhta va allyuminiyi avvaliya) va andozhoi mahalli (andoz az vositahoi naqliyot; andoz az amvoli gayrimanqul). Dar fasli XVII Kodeksi mazkur nizomhoi imtiyoznoki andozbandi muqarrar shudaand, ki baroi sarmoyaguzori ba sohahoi afzaliyatnoki iqtisodiyot dodani imtiyozhoi andozii ilovagiro peshbini menamoyand.
Nishondihandai jambastii naqshi andozhoro dar hayoti jomea tavsifkunanda in nishondihandai bori vazninii andozi (vazni khosai mablagi voridoti andozi dar majmui mahsuli umumi) meboshad. Tibqi raqamhoi tadqiqot, bolo raftani sathi vazninii (bori) andozi dar muddati kutoh baroi buja metavonad samaranok boshad, ammo dar davrai darozmuddat afzoishi bori andozi hatman ba afzoishi iqtisodiyot monea merasonad. Ekspertho andozsitoniro, ki ba 40-50% daromadi badast omada mutobiqat mekunad, sathi vazninii bori andozi nomidaand. Ilova bar in, hatto dar shakli andozho sitonidani 30%-i daromadho baroi sohibkoroni Tojikiston bori garon hisob meyobad.
Baroi onhoe, ki imkoniyati bo sharthoi qobili qabul ba dast ovardani qarzi bonkho dushvor ast, mushkiloti vobasta ba furushi mahsuloti barovardashuda, bo naqliyot kashonidani ashyo va masolehot, zaminai kutohshudai tekhnikii istehsolot, dakholat namudani khadamoti davlati ba faoliyati khojagidori mavjudand. Tibqi aqidai aksar sohibkoron, dar holati mavjudiyati chunin sathi andozbandi rushdi sohibkorii oshkoro gayriimkon ast.
Sarborihoi kaloni andozi dar davrai barqarorshavi va rushdi faoliyati sohibkori, mavjud nabudani nishonahoi ravshan va ustuvori imkoniyathoi banaqshagirii faoliyati istehsoli – tijorati subekthoi bozorro mahdud mesozand. Tajribai andozbandi nishon medihad, ki past namudani meyorhoi andozbandi ba balandshavii faoliyati sohibkori musiodat khohad namud va ba faolgardonii faoliyati sarmoyaguzoriho innovatsioni tasiri khudro merasonad. Holo bo rohi havasmand namudani sohibkoron va andozbandii purrai faoliyati onho islohot dar bakhshi andoz vobasta ba harchi sodda namudani nizomi andozbandi idoma dorad.
Ziyoda az 70% aholii jumhuri dar dehot zindagi mekunand va imruz miqdori khojagihoi dehkoni (fermeri) dar jumhuri beshtar az 33 hazor 128
adad rasidaast. Tahlil nishon medihad, ki ba rushdi khojagihoi dehkoni (fermeri) mahz nomukammalii nizomi andoz khalal merasonad. Rasman, dar khojagii qishloq 7 namudi andozho mavjud bud: andoz az furushi pakhta; andoz az sohibkorii khurd (yo andozi soddakardashuda); andoz az zamin; andoz az daromad; andoz ba fondi hifzi ijtimoi; pardokhti fondi roh va andoz az arzishi ilovashuda. Dar Kodeksi andoz, ki az soli 2013oidi molistehsolkunandagoni kishovarzi jori shuda, amali namudani namudi andozi yagona va ikhtisori andozhoi mahalli peshbini shudaast.
Nizomi soddakardashudai andozbandi baroi istehsolkunandagoni mahsuloti kishovarzi baroi nizomi makhsus andozbandii subekthoi sohibkorii khurde meboshad, ki istehsoli mahsuloti kishovarziro be korkardi minbada amali menamoyand. Andozi yagona az jonibi khojagihoi dehqoni (fermeri) va digar istehsolkunandagoni mahsuloti kishovarzie istifoda karda meshavad, ki baroi onho zamin vositai asosii faoliyati sohibkori meboshad.
Baroi rushdi sohibkori qadamho dar liberalikunonii nizomi narkhguzorii dokhili, ki soli 1996 guzoshta shuda budand, ahamiyati muhim dorand. Hukumat ba uhda giriftaast to ravandi savdoro liberali namoyad, ki in imkon medihad narkhhoi dokhili ba narkhhoi jahonii arzishi samaranoki zakhirahoi moddi – tekhniki va mahsuloti istehsolshavandaro barobar karda shavand.
Soli 1998 tarifi yagonai 5%-a baroi tamomi namudhoi voridot, biduni alyuminiy, barq va gaz, jori karda shud. Guzashta az in, dar tijorat bisyor moneahoi digari bo tarif aloqamandnabuda mavjudand. Soli 1999 dar natijai vorid shudani Tojikiston ba ittihodi gumruki (Russiya, Qazoqiston, Qirgiziston va Belorussiya) tarifi yagona bayni mamlakathoi mazkuri Ittihodi Davlathoi Mustaqil az 5% to ba 8% baland bardoshta shud.
Tojikiston nizomi nisbatan ozodi tijoratiro dorost va mahdudiyathoi tijorati dar in jo nisbat ba mamoliki digar 129
kamtarand. Korhoi zaruri oid ba bunyodi ravandi ozodi tijorati ba jo ovarda shuda istodaand, Tojikiston 159-umin uzvi khonavodai Sozmoni jahonii tijorat shud, ki vay 29-mi mayi soli 2001 darkhosti uzviyat ba in sozmoni bonufuzi jahoni karda bud. Soli 2012 (10-mi dekabr) sozishnomai uzviyati Tojikiston dar Sozmoni jahonii tijorat (^TO) ba imzo rasid.
Ammo, muvaffaqiyatho dar rushdi sokhtori ozod, ki ba barobar namudani narkhhoi dokhili bo jahoni asos yoftaand, az tarafi arzishi balandi kharidu furushi tijorati dar mavridi naqli molho az sarhad, bozdoshta meshavand. Dar har tijorat moneahoi sershumori rasmi va gayrirasmii bo tarif aloqamandnabuda mavjudand. Uzviyat dar sozmoni jahonii tijorat ba ijroi yak nizomi vozehu shaffof, ki tibqi meyorhoi baynalmillali asos yoftaast, ravona buda baroi sarmoyaguzorii khoriji ba iqtisodiyoti milli musoidat menamoyad.
Dar rushdi zersokhtori sohibkori naqshi muhimro birjaho mebozand. Rasman dar qalamravi jumhuri birjaho az ibtidoi solhoi 90-um ba kor ogoz kardand. Davrai amali faol vaqte ki bo hamzamon kam kardani idorahoi brokeri miqdori birjaho afzoyad hisob meyobad. CHunonchi, dar tuli solhoi 1995-2000 miqdori idorahoi brokeri az 19 to ba 194 adad rasonida shud, miqdori birjaho boshad, mutobiqan az 6 to ba 10 adad ziyod gardid. Ammo na hamai birjaho hangomi kharidu furush dar bozor bomuvaffaqiyat faoliyat mebarand. Alhol, Birjai moli- ashyovii tojik, Bozori baynibonkii asor, Birjai amvolii gayrimanqul va Birjai pakhta az qabili muvaffaqon hisob meyoband. Taqsimotu gardishii nobarobari miqdori birjahoro dar nohiyahoi jumhuri boyad qayd namud. CHunonchi, soli 2000 75% gardishi birjaho ba sh. Dushanbe, 25%-ba viloyati Sugd rost meomad. Oid ba viloyati Hatlon, ki 25% birjahoi mamalakat joygir shudaand, gardishi birjaho ba qayd girifta nashudaast.
YAke az sharthoi asosii taraqii sohibkorii khususi va tamini rushdi iqtisodi in mavjud budani zersokhtori mutobiqi moliyavi-qarzi meboshad. Ba in nigoh nakarda, ki dar Tojikiston dar okhiri soli 2000- um 19 bonki tijorati bo 150 bakhshhoyashon (dar ibtidoi soli 2001 miqdori bakhshho to ba 121 adad kam shud) faoliyat meburdand, sohibkoroni khususi dar amal az imkoniyatho istifodanaburda az khizmatrasonihoi onho dar kanor meboshand. In bo sharthoi sakhti dastras shudani qarzhoi bonkho ba bakhshhoi gayridavlati, ki dar zeri kafolatu amonathoi muayyan doda meshavand, aloqamand ast. CHunonchi, baroi az baze bonkhoi tijorati giriftani qarz zarur ast, ki dar doroii arzishash az mablagi khudi qarzi giriftashavanda se marotiba ziyodtar ba amonat guzoshta shavad. CHunin shartho baroi aksar «tojiron» va shakhsoni mashguli biznesi khurd, ki daromadi kofiro nadorand, baroi giriftani qarz bo maqsadi jonnokgardonii faoliyati khud hamchun monea amal mekunand. Ba gayr az in, khudi qarzho bo sababi baland budani meyorhoi foizashon, dar dahsolai okhir bagoyat nojolib gardidand.
Taraqqiyoti susti instituthoi moliyavi-qarzi, ki ba sokhtorhoi sohibkori khizmat peshnihod menamoyand, ba pastshavii faolnokii sohibkoron va justujui rohhoi tashkili gayriqonunii faoliyati sohibkori burda merasonad.
Dar Jumhurii Tojikiston nizomi ba khojagihoi dehqoni (fermeri) dodani qarz ohista-ohista ba vujud omada istodaast. Bo sababi nabudani zahirahoi puli khojagihoi dehqoni (fermeri) majburand ba shirkathoi fyucheri murojiat namoyand, ki onhoro bo masolehi suzishvoriyu molidani, nuriho, ijorai tekhnika va gayra tamin namoyand. Ammo narkhhoe, ki ba onho shirkathoi fyucheri ba fermeron in zakhirahoro mefiristonand, 2-3 marotiba az narkhhoi bozor balandtarand. Fermerone ki qarordodhoi fyucheriro imzo mekunand namedonand, ki arzishi nihoii in doroiho chi qadar khohad bud va arzishi takhminii hosilashon chi qadar meboshad.
Bo sababi farqiyati kaloni narkhhoi qarordodhoi bo shirkathoi fyucheri ba imzorasida va narkhhoi jahonii pakhta, khojagihoi dehqoni (fermeri) na tanho foida ba dast nameorand, balki dar aksar holatho solro bo zarar ba okhir merasonand.
Dar dah soli okhir shumorai bonkho va tashkilothoi mablagguzorii khurd az 17 ba 138 va shumorai mizojoni onho az 524 hazor to ba 2 millionu 900 hazor rasidaast, ki in nishondihandaho dar muqoisa bo dahsolai peshin mutanosiban 8 va 5,5 barobar ziyodand. Baqiyai qarzhoi dodashuda dar in davra az 377 million somoni yo 32 barobar afzoish yoftaast.
Solhoi okhir qarzdihii khurd ba samti navi munosibathoi qarzi tabdil yofta, dar panj soli okhir se barobar afzoish yoftaast.