BOZSOZI VA NATICHAHOI ON.

Nimai duyumi solhoi 80-um dar Ittihodi SHuravi ba sababi sar shudani bozsozi tagyirothoi kulli ba amal omadand. Bozsozi natanho dar tarikhi khalkhoi sobiq Ittihodi SHuravi, balki dar mamlakathoi Avrupoi SHarki niz davrai digargunihoi siyosi-ijtimoiro ba amal ovard.
Davlati SHuravi dar miqyosi baynalkhalqi dar zarfi solhoi mavjudiyati khud maqomi buzurgero sohib bud. Dar solhoi okhir az sababi roh dodani kambudiho dar sistemai davlati, mamlakat az taravdiyot boz mond. Dar chunin sharoit rohbariyati davlat ba maqsadi nachot dodani sistemai siyosii davlati rohi bozsoziro pesh giriftand. Onho tassavur karda nametavonistand, ki ikdomi peshgiriftai onho ba chi anchom meyobad. Dar amal bozsozii sarshuda ba aznavsozii tamomi sistemai siyosi va strukturai iktisodi ovarda rasond.
Bozsozi dar Ittihodi SHuravi az mohi apreli soli 1985 sar shud. Maqsadi asosii on az khotima dodan ba buhroni iktisodi va muayyan namudani rohi taravdiyoti minbadai chomea iborat bud.
Az nimai duyumi solhoi 80-um dar mamlakat nakshai strategi kor karda baromada shud. Az jihati siyosi maqsadi bozsozi barham dodani bokimondahoi sokhtori farmonfarmoyonai mamuri va minbad inkishof dodani protsessi demokratikunonii hayoti chamiyati iborat bud.
Az jihati iktisodi dar asosi istifodai progressii ilmi-tekhniki dar istehsolot baland bardoshtani hosilnokii mehnat ba naksha girifta shuda bud.
Az jihati ichtimoi-bemaylon bardoshtani sathi
zindagii aholii dar nazar doshta shuda bud.
Dar sohai siyosati baynalkhalki az nigohi tasavuroti sinfi dast kashidan va hamkori bo mamlakathoi kapitalisti bo maqsadi poydor namudani sulh nishon doda shuda bud. Hulosa, ravandhoi islohoti kulli sohahoi sokhtori siyosi, iqtisodi-ichtimoi, farhangi va munosibathoi baynalkhalkiro dar bar megirift.
YAke az samthoi asosii bozsozi in demokratikunonii hayoti chamiyati ba hisob meravad. Demokratikunonii hayoti chamiyati az yak taraf barpo kardani mekhanizmi boetimod dar nazar doshta meshud, ki ba vositai on shahrvandon dar halli masalahoi davlati-chamiyati faolona ishtirok karda tavonand. Az tarafi imkoniyati ba farhangi umumibashari roh yoftan va nigoh doshtani huqukhoi inson nigaronida meshud.
YAke az samthoi demokratikunonii chomea oshkorbayoni hisobida meshud.
Oshkorbayoni meboist dar doirai qonun amali gardida, ba hodisaho az nuktai nazari reali baho doda meshud. Dar chomea plyuralizm (bisyorandeshi) chori karda shuda, hizbhoi siyosi tashkil meyoftand. Sokhtori navi intikhobot chori shuda, masalahoi muhimi kharakteri siyosi doshtaro ba tariki raypursi bo ishtiroki vasei shahrvandon hal kardand.
Ikdomi guzaronidani bozsozi bevosita az tarafi HKISH tayyor karda shuda bud. Ravandhoi bozsozi, ki dar zaminai oshkorbayoni meguzasht, boisi tezutund gashtanii vaziyati chomea va tashkil yoftani se guruhi mukhtalif gardid.
Guruhi avval khohishi ba tavri kulli tagyir dodani tamomi sokhtori chomearo namekhostand. SHiori asosii onho sotsializmi tachdidshuda, federatsiyai tachdidshuda, bozori tanzimshavanda va hokazo bud.
Guruhi duvvum- tarafdori bozsozii radikali, tamoman bekor kardani sokhtori mamuri-farmondihi, barpo namudani ittihodi ozodi mamlakathoi sohibikhtiyor, etirof namudani huquqi millatho, bozori ozod va chori namudani shaklhoi gunoguni molikiyat va gayra.
Guruhi seyum- onhoe budand, ki goh oshkoro goh pardapush muqobili bozsozi mebaromadand. Onho tarafdori nigoh doshtani sistemai mavchuda va mavqei rohbarikunandai HKISH budand.
Bozsozii chomeai SHuravi, ki islohoti radikalii siyosiyu iktisodiro talab mekard, notamom mond. Ilova az on kachravihoe, ki dar rafti halli masalahoi iqtisodi ba onho roh doda shudand, buhroni iktisodii sotsializmro tezonidand. Kushishhoi ziyode, ki az davrai salatanati Hurushyov sar shuda, Brejnev, Andropov va makhsusan bozsozii Gorbachyov peshi rohi in buhronro girifta natavonistand. Dar mamlakat nizomu tartib vayron shudand. Demokratiya ba besarusomonii tamomi hayoti chomea ovarda rasond. Mafiya, ki to in davra pinhoni amal namuda, qarib tamomi iktisodiyotro ba dast girifta bud, ba amaliyoti oshkor guzasht. Sadho kooperativho bo nom amal namuda, bo rohi gayriqonuni millionho sumro sohib shudand.
Guruhi jinoyatkor ba faoliyati ruirost guzashta, tamomi amvoli davlatro kharida giriftand.
Pesh az on, ki sababhoi poshkhurdani Ittihodi SHuraviro dida baroem, chand sukhan roche ba mavqei Tochikiston dar davlati SHuravi ibroz mekunem.
Zamoni sotsializm zukhuroti purikhtilof va gunogunpakhlu meboshad. Az in chihat tasiri on niz ba zindagii millathoi sobiq ICHSHS mukhtalif ast. In tasirro tanho az jihati tashidi chun zurovarii
ayriqonuni va chun zuhuri siyosati abadkudrati shovinizmi rusi na boyad ezoh dod.
Sotsializm ba tamomi kachraviho, faoliyati avomfirebonai khizmatchiyoni zinahoi gunogun mokhiyati khudro zokhir namud, manfiathoi mekhnatkashonro dar khud tachassum namud. Sotsializm ba manfiati khalk arzi vuchud karda bud va dar 74 soli khukumati shuroho baroi khalq bisyor chizho dod. Tanho shakhsoni kurbotin hamaro siyoh karda, namebinand, ki mamlakati kafomondatarin az jihati peshrafti iktisodi dar chahon ba choi duyum baromad. Qudrati mudofiavii purkuvvat ba vuchud ovarda, satkhi zindagii mardumro baland bardosht.
In bakhusus dar kori bolo bardoshtani khochagi, farhang, maorifi khalk baralo his karda meshavad. To solhoi 30-yum dar Tochikiston yagon donishkada vuchud nadosht. Soli 1940 shumorai donishkadahoi oli ba 6-to va mikdori donishchuyoni onho 2300-nafar rasonda shud. (Narodnoe khozyaystvo SSSR v 1922-1962g). Dar chumhuri dar davrai SHuravi chandin korkhonahoi sanoati sokhta shuda, shahrho bo imorathoi zamonavi bunyod yoftand. Hamai in tanho bo dasti tochikon sokhta nashudaand. Dar talim va tarbiyai ziyoiyoni tochik professoroni rus pesh az hama sahmguzor budand. Mahz dar zamoni SHuravi nobarobarii amalii khalkhoi sobiq mamlakat bartaraf karda shud.
Tochikiston az Ittihodi SHuravi bisyor manfiat bardosht. Satkhi sanoat va iktisodiyoti in davraro ba zamoni pesh az inkilobi muqoisa kardan mumkin nest. Albatta dar 25 soli okhiri mavchudiyati ICHSHS ba iqtisodiyoti Osiyoi Markazi az chumla Tochikiston kamtarin kismati mablagguzori chudo karda meshud. In natichai siyosati shovinizmi buzurgdavlatii rusi bud, ki tavassuti faoliyati idorai markazii khukumati ICHSHS zokhir megardid. Hatto dar davrai shahsparastii Stalin ham baroi inkishofi sanoati Osiyoi Miyona beshtar amkhori zokhir karda meshud. Dar on vakt sanoati Osiyoi Miyonaro az nesti ba vuchud ovarda budand. Dar solhoi okhir kafomonii Tochikiston va jumkhurihoi Osiyoi Markazi sol to sol shiddat megirift.
Masalan, baroi inkishofi mintaqai siyohzamin az buchai markaz 35 mlrd sum kharch, karda shud, ki in ba tamomi kharochoti jumkhurii Osiyoi Markazi barobar bud. ( Literaturnaya gazeta.- 1987.- 4mart).
Dar natichai chunin siyosati sarmoyaguzori bekorii barziyod ba vuchud omad. Dar Tochikiston beshtar az 200 hazor nafar bekoron budand. (Pravda.- 1989.- 16 sent.)
Tamomi in ba daromadi millii chumhuri va satkhi talaboti aholi betasir namond. Daromadi milli ba sari har kasi mashguli mekhnat dar Osiyoi Markazi az 83% soli 1970 ba 75% dar soli 1979 ba 66% soli 1989 faromad. (Sosialisticheskie issledovaniya.- 1989.-№1.-S.9).
Nobarobari dar istehsolot boisi nobarobarii sokhtori ichtimoi gardid. Masalan, dar Tochikiston dar sohai sanoat 28% aholii band buda, aholii shakhrnishini Tochikiston 28% umumii aholii jumhuriro tashkil medod. (Sosialisticheskie issledovaniya.- 1989.-№3.- S.29). In nisbat ba digar
chumkhuriho nishondihandai pastarin bud.
Tarafi digari siyosati khukumat dar tadrichan az bayn raftani zabonhoi milli asos yofta bud. Zabonhoi milli ICHSHS dar sohahoi korguzori toraft tang karda meshud. Talim dar maktabho ba zaboni rusi charayon meyoft. Hangomi dokhilshavi ba maktabhoi oli rusho nisbat ba digar millatho bartariyat paydo mekardand. Zero millathoi ayriruszabon rusiro khub az khud karda nametavonistand. Az in sabab dar korkhonahoi sanoati, ki dar CHumhurihoi milli sokhta meshudand, korgaroni balandikhtisos az khisobi rusho intikhob karda meshud.
Tochikiston dar Itihodi SHuravi nisbat ba chumkhurihoi digar susttar taraqqi mekard. In ba sarmoyaguzori vobasta bud. Masalan, az soli 1976 to soli 1990 ba har sokini Ittihod 9089 sum rost omada boshad, dar Tochikiston hamagi 3071 sumro tashkil medod. (Narodnoe khozyaystvo SSSR v 1990g.- S.67).
Hamin tariq, siyosati shovinizmi davlati, ba on ovarda rasond, ki khalkdoi mahali az jihati sokhtori ichtimoi va satkhi istehsolot kafo memondand.