JANGI SARD

Badi ba okhir rasidani chang dar bayni ittifoqchiyoni sobiki ziddi gitleri baroi nufuzi minbada ikhtilofhoi chiddi ba amal omadand. Purkuvvat shudani mavqei Ittihodi SHuravi dar Avrupoi SHarki galabai inkilob dar CHin soli 1949 ziddiyati bayni du sistemai chahoniro boz ham tezutund gardond. Tezutund gashatani munosibathoi bayni Ittihodi SHuravi va IMA ba yaroknokshavii in davlatho ovarda rasond. Avvalin shuda IMA bo kuvvai katli omm, yaroki yadroi musallah gardid va bo in vosita mekhost irodai khudro ba bashariyat bor kunad. Solhoi 80-um dar boygonii prezidenti on davrai IMA Trumen hujchatho yoft shudand, ki dar on dar borai bombaboron kardani 20-nuqtai kalontarini sanoatii Ittihodi SHuravi sukhan meravad. (Istoriya Rossii HH vek.- M., 2001.- S.328). IMA inchunin dar barkarorkunii iktisodii Avrupoi garbi faolona shirkat karda in davlathoro ba zeri tasiri khud darovard. In barnoma dar tarikh bo nomi nakshai Marshal malum ast. IMA siyosati musallahshavii boshitobro pesh girift. Davlati SHuravi machbur shud, ki baroi bekhatarii khud va ittifokchiyonash chorai amali andeshad. Ikdomi avvalai in chorabini ikhtiroi yaroki yadroi bud, ki az soli 1943 baroi kor kardani on ogoz kardand. To soli 1949 in korho idoma yoftand va 29-avguti soli 1949 avvalin ozmoishi yaroki yadroi dar Ittihodi SHuravi guzaronida shud. Badtar olmioni SHuravi yaroki digar – yaroki termoyadroiro ikhtiro kardand. Hamin tariq siyosate, ki dar arsai baynalkhalki dar solhoi badi changi ba amal omad, bo nomi siyosati changi sard malum meboshad. In davra bo surati balandi kharbikunonii iqtisodii mamlakathoi kalontarini chahon, bo aslihahoi navtarin musallah shudani artishho, ba vuchud omadani khavfi changi navro ovard. Makhsusan insoniyat az musallah shudani aritishho bo yaroki qatli om sakht ba tashvish omadand.
Soli 1949 avvalin chunin khavf dar masalai Berlin ba amal omada bud. Ittihodi SHuravi ba Berlin vorid shudani mamlakathoi arbro man kard. Avvali solhoi 50-um dar masalai Koreya bayni Ittihodi SHuravi va IMA ikhtilofi chiddi ba amal omad. Harbiyoni IMA tayyor budand, ki dar in mintaqa yaroki yadroiro ba kor barand. Faqat khavfi istifoda burdani in yaroq az tarafi Ittihodi SHuravi onhoro az in qasd boz dosht. Ittihodi SHuravi va CHH Hitoy ba Koreyai SHimoli yorii amali rasondand. Dar rafti guftushunidho 27-iyuli soli 1953 shartnomai sulh imzo gardid va insoniyat az khavfi chang nachot doda shud.
Soli 1956 dar SHarki Nazdik vaziyat tezu tund gasht. Isroil bo davohoi changchuyonai khud oromii in mintaqaro khalaldor namud. Soli 1961 dar mintaqai bahri Qarib (masalai Kuba) vaziyat tezu tund gardid, ki qarib ba barkhurdi kuvvahoi musallahi Ittihodi SHuravi va IMA ovarda rasond.
Davlathoi abadkudrati dunyo mekushidand, ki bartarii harbii khudro istifoda burda, khalkhoi dunyoro ba zeri nufuzi khud kashidand. Ba korhoi dokhilii onho dakholat namuda, vositahoi fishorovariro ba kor barand. Misoli ravshani on Vetnam bud, ki dar bayni davlathoi Faronsa, IMA az yak taraf va Ittihodi SHuravi az tarafi digar boisi kashmakashihoi duru daroz gardid. Faqat solhoi 70-um changhoi shadid dar in davlat khotima yoftand. Hodisahoi Machoriston (Vengriya) soli 1965 va CHekhoslovakiya soli 1968 ba misoli dakholati kuvvahoi beruna ba korhoi dokhilii in kishvarho misol shuda metavonand.
Dakholati davlathoi buzurg ba vaziyati baynalkhalki tasiri kalon rasond. Raqobati davlatho muboriza baroi ba tahti nufuzi khud faro giriftani in yo on mintaqa munosibathoro shiddat dodand.
Har kadomi in davlatho khudro tarafdori sulh mepindoshtand, lekin har yake az onho mekhostand, ki natichai sulh ba foidai onho boshad. Ittihodi SHuravi faoliyati khudro ba on ravona karda bud, ki shiddati vaziyati baynalkhalkiro past gardonad. Ba in maqsad chandin peshnihodho dar sohai peshi rohi musallahshavii boshitobro giriftan: man namudani ozmoishhoi aslihai yadroi va istehsoli on, hal namudani masalahoi munosibathoi davlathoi arab va Isroil az tarafi Ittihodi SHuravi ba miyon guzoshta shudand. In peshnihodhoro davlathoi digari purkuvvat qabul nakardand. Dar chahon chunin mikdori yaroki yadroi cham shud, ki baroi hazor marotiba dar rui zamin barham dodani hayot kifoyat mekard. Ba in nigoh nakarda yaroqnokshavi hamono idoma yoft. Buchahoi harbi doimo meafzudand. In bevosita ba past shudani darachai zistu zindagonii mardum ovarda rasond. Masalan dar Ittihodi SHuravi kharochoti harbi shast dar sadi bucharo tashkil medod. IMA baroi tayyorii harbii changi dar tamomi kurrai zamin bazahoi harbi barpo karda ba on mablagi kalon kharochot mekard.
Ziyod shudani kharochoti harbi dar tamomi dunyo norozigiro ba miyon ovard. In chiz rohbariyati davlathoi abadqudratro vodor namud, ki dar munosibathoi baynalmillali tairoti mufide vorid sozand. Dar in choda maqomi Sozmoni Millali Mutahid baso kalon bud. Faoliyati in tashkiloti bonufuz az soli 1946 sar shuda chandin peshnihodhoi oqilona sulh tavsiya karda shudand. SHuroi amniyati SMM baroi ba sozish ovardani tarafhoi dargir qarorhoi cholib qabul namud. YAke az qarorhoi shoyoni SMM tayyor kardani majlisi mashvaratii rohbaroni avvali siyosi va davlatii Avrupo, Kanada va IMA dar Helsenki bud. Machlis bo ishtiroki ZZ-davlati Avrupo, Kanada va IMA barguzor gardid. Majlisi mashvararti hujjathoi khotimaviro ba imzo rasond, ki dar on prinsiphoi asosii munosibathoi baynidavlati va manfiathoi umumibashari ifoda yoftand.
Dar hujchathoi qabulkardai machlis chunin prinsiphoi munosibathoi baynidavlati bayon yoftand, ki ishtirokchiyoni on uhdador shudand, ki onro bechunucharo ichro namoyand.
Huquqi ozodona intikhob kardani sokhtori siyosi- ichtimoi, iqtisodi va madani;
⦁ barobarhuquqi, ehtiromi mustaqiliyati davlatho;
⦁ ba kor naburdani quvva nisbati hamdigar;
⦁ dakhlnopazirii sarhadho;
⦁ butunii qalamravi davlatho;
⦁ bo rohi osoishta hal namudani masalahoi bahstalab;
⦁ dakholat nakardan ba korhoi dokhilii yakdigar;
⦁ ehtiromi huquqhoi inson va ozodihoi asosi, az chumla ozodii sukhan, vichdon, dinu etiqod;
⦁ hamkorii davlatho, sofdilona ba cho ovardani uhdadorihoi doir ba huquqi baynalmillali;
Huchchathoi khotimavi davlathoi ishtirokchiro uhdador mesozad, ki qarorhoi machlisro purra amali sozad, ba hamin ba past shudani shiddati vaziyati baynalmillali noil shavand.
Machlisi mashvarati doir ba bekhatari va hamkori dar Avrupo imkoniyat dod, ki bovarii davlatho ba yakdigar afzun shavad. Badi qarordodhoi machlis dar bayni davlathoi buzurg guftushunid az rui muhimtarin masalahoi baynalmillali ooz yoft. Natichai on dar bayni Ittihodi SHuravi va IMA soli 1979 imzo shudani Paymoni mahdud namudani aslihai strategi (OSV-2) bud.
YAke az hodisahoi doroi harakteri siyosi doshta, ki ba mavchudiyati oyandai davlati SHuravi va nufuzi baynalkhalqii on tasir rasond, dakholat ba korhoi dokhilii Afoniston bud. CHandin milliard sumi SHuravi kharochot shuda, hazoron nafar askar talaf yoftand. In chang yake az omilhoi parokanda shudani davlati SHuravi gardid.