ETIKOF DAR MOHI RAMAZON

tikof yake az sunnathoi Rasuli Hudo (s) meboshad va shakh-
si ruzador dar dakh, ruzi okhiri mokhi Ramazon khudro baroi
ibodati Hudo dar masjide fori mesozad.
Etikof az reshai «akafa» () girifta shuda, dar lugat ba ma-
noi ruy ovardan va mulozimat namudan ba chize ba tariqi tazim va
buzurgdosht meboshad. Vojai «akafa» dar oyati 71-umi surai SHuaro:
«Vakte (Ibrokhim) ba padar va qavmash guft: CHiro meparasted? Guf-
tand: Butkhoero meparastem (va khamchunin) mulozimi onkho boqi memo-
nem» va oyati 138-umi surai Arof: «Bani Isroilro az bakhr guzaroni-
dem, pas onkho az (nazdi) kavme guzashtand, ki bar (ibodati) butkhoyashon
mulozamat mevarzidand…» ba hamin mano omadaast.
Etikof dar istilokhi shar ba manoi muddate gusha giriftan
dar masjid baroi ibodat va nazdiki ba Hudo ast. On dar oyati 187-umi
surai Baqara: «Vakte dar masjidkho (baroi ibodat) sha girifta boshed
(ba etikof nishasta boshed), ba onkho muboshirat va nazdiki nanamoed»
ba hamin mano omadaast.
Bandai mumin bo faro rasidani mokhi Ramazon shomili inoyot va
barakoti Hudovand megardad va bo guzashtani du dahai avval va miyo-
nai on shakhsi ruzador ba balandtarin qullai safoi jismu jonash me-
rasad. Az sui digar, muboraktarin ayyom va guvorotarin lahzahoi na-
vozishi Hudovand, ki dar dahai okhiri on mokh, guzoshta shudaand, faro
merasad va olitarin fursati dast yoftan ba maqsud baroi u muhayyo me-
gardad.
Rasuli akram (s) baroi farogati harchi beshtar va ba kor burdani
tamomi jiddu javdi bandagi dar in lahzahoi notakror sunnati eti-
kofro baroi ummatonash asos guzoshtaast, to shakhsi ruzador baroi
kamoli bandagi va rozu niyoz bo Hudovand va hamzamon matra^ namu-
dani tamomi orzuhoi nek va khostahoi mashruash dar peshgokhi u komi-
lan farogat yobad.
Bandai mumin har chand gohe ba khilvatu tanhoi, dar khud andeshi-
dan va ba munojoti Haq niyoz dorad, to forig az har chize ba nafsi khud
pardozad va dar mahzari Hudovand muddate ba parvarishi on mashgul
gardad. Munosibtarin fursat baroi in kor hamon dahai okhiri mokhi
Ramazon meboshad, dahae, ki dar on shabi Qadr ast va inson metavonad
ba qadru qimati khud dar nazdi Hudovand biafzoyad. Hamin tanhoiyu
khilvat va ba ibodat pardokhtani shakhsi ruzadorro dar istilokhi shar
etikof meguyand.
Vale Islom namekhohad, ki inson dar on gushai khilvat va bo nomi
etikof dar har guna khayoloti bemano va vasvasahoi nafs furu ravad.
Hamchunin, chandon rui khushe ba inzivotalaby va kanoragiry az jami-
yat nadorad. Islom dini zindagonii ijtimoist. In jost, ki ba tan-
hoii mutlak va gushanishiny dar kukhu gorho va yo nishastan dar chila-
khonahoi toriku kamnur amr nakardaast. Balki baroi etikof masji-
di jomero, ki joi raftu omadi mardum va barpoii ibodathost, af-
zal shumoridaast.
YAne Islom khilvat dar miyoni jam, tanhoy dar miyoni mardum va
bo Hudo, vale dar miyoni khalki Hudo budanro asosi khudsozy va mehva-
ri zindagii inson karor dodaast. Ba in mano, ki Islom gushanishi-
nii mutlak va ba surate kanora giriftan az mardumro, hatto dar vak-
ti etikof va pardokhtan ba ibodat dust namedorad. Pas Islom dini
ijtimoist va az har guna rahboniyat (dayrnishiny) kholy meboshad.
Kuroni karim rahboniyat va kanoragirii zokhidoni nasroniro mav-
ridi nakukhish karor medihad, on jo ki mefarmoyad:
«Va rakhboniyate, ki (padaroni rukhoni va rokhibon) az peshi khud ba-
rovarda budand. Mo onro bar eshon nanavishta (muqarrar nasokhta) bu-
dem…».
Islom tamomi amoli fardiro janbai ijtimoy bakhshidaast. Bi-
nobar in, etikof dar gayri masjid joiz nameboshad.
Dar rivoyatho omadaast, ki Rasuli Hudo (s) dah ruzi okhiri mokhi
Ramazonro etikof menishast va akhli khonavodai khudro niz ba on amr
mekard. Abdulloh ibni Umar (r), Anas (r) va Oisha (r) rivoyat meku-
-0 ki ba Madina ١؛sshyu«k؛nand,, ki•. «Payombar (s) az z
tash dar dahai okhiri mohi Ramazon etikof menishast».138
Nofe az Abdulloh ibni Umar (r) rivoyat menamoyad, ki: «Rasuli
Hudo (s) dar dah ruzi okhiri moui Ramazon etikof menishast» va No-
fe meafzoyad: «Abdulloh on makonero, ki Rasuli Hudo (s) dar masjid dar
on etikof menishast, ba man nishon dod». Nofe boz az Ibni Umar 
(r) rivoyat mekunad, ki «Vaqte Payombar (s) etikof menishast, rakhti
khob va yo kati khobi u dar !chushti sutuni guzoshta meshud»>140