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FARIDUDDINI ATTOR

Haft shahri ishqro Attor gasht,
Mo hanuz andar khami yak chaem.

Mavlonoi Rumi

Faridaddin ibni Muhammad ibni Ibrohim Attor ibni Ishoqi Nishopury yake az ustodoni mashhuri akhloq va namoyandai adabiyoti ahli tasavvuf buda, az khud merosi sershumori tarbiyaviyu akhloqy boqy guzoshtaast: nuskhai «Ikhvon-us-safo», «CHohir-uz-zot», <<Mazohir-ul-ajoib», «Ushturnoma», «Abirnoma», «Asrornoma», «Mantiq-ut- tayr», «Husravnoma», «Ilohinoma» «Mukhtornoma», «SHarh-ul-qalb», «Tazkirat-ul-avliyo», «Musibatnoma», «Pandnoma», «Devoni qasoidu gazaliyot» va chil risolai digar.

SHumorai osori Attorro tazkiranavison az 114 to 190 nomguy shumurdaand. Muallifi tazkirai «Ruzi ravshan» qayd mekunad, ki:

«umri SHaykh 114 sol buda, ashorash yak laku chihil hazor ba shumor omada…».1

Musannifi tazkirai «Nashtari ishq»2 mavqei hayoti ijtimoii uro in tavr ba qalam dodaast:

pur9rblnc00«Ismi sharifi u Hoja Faridaddin buvad. Maykashi khumkhonai[1] [2] [3] [4] haqiqat ast va bodanushi maykhonai tariqat.4 Gavvosi[5] bahri maonist va shinovari muhiti irfony[6]. Bahra zi khori ulum ast va daryoi azimi fuhumi olami ilmi Rabbonist, makbuli dargohi yazdoni. SHeri beshai tahkik astu asadi[7] nayistoni tadkik, orifi billohi fano-fi- illayhi2; sari halkai avliyoi kiboru sari silsilai mashoikhi3 sufiyai nomdor buvad. Mavludu manshoyash Nishopur ast. Ba du kuniyat ishtihor dosht: Abuhomid va Abubakr. Faridaddin lakabi ust. Ismi volidi mojiddaash4 Muhammad bini Ibrohimi Attor ast. Dar sanai 513-um dar ahdi Sulton Sanjar kudumi5 saodati luzum ba mahdu6 jud7 nihod. Bas rutbai oli va martabai sofi dosht.

Tasnifoti u dasturulamali ahli suluk ast, agarchi az ovoni tufuliyat manzuri nazari tarbiyati Kubiddini Sadri Abdol buvad. Ammo ba sababi darveshi, ki nakli on dar «Nafahot-ul-uns»8 markum9 ast, tarki dukoni attori namuda, bilkulliya10 mashgul ba tahsili ulumi tasfiyai[8] botini gardid va khirkai khilofat az dasti SHaykh Majiduddini Bagdodi ba bar kashid va bad az usuli darajai kamol haft sol dar tadvin12 va talifi makoloti sufiya va ahvoli eshon guzaronid. CHunonchi, abvob13-ul-maony asrori tavhid14 chandon ki bar vay maftuh15 shud, hej kas ba on pay naburda, kalomi fayzi iltiyomi16 hoddi1 solikoni2 masoliki3 tarikat ast.

Okhirash, dar hangomai[9] tokhti Halokukhon va fitrati[10] CHingizkhon dar katli Nishopur mugule… «az on lashkar Attorro ba maktal[11] kashid. SHaykh guft, ki kulokhi namadi bar saru shamsheri misri bar kamar, baroi toroju katl az Turkiston omadi va medoni, ki dar in parda turo nameshinosam…».[12] [13]

Mugul khost, ki SHaykhro ba katl rasonad. SHakhse paydo shud va guft, ki in kasro makush, man ba ivazi khuni in hajdah hazor dirham mediham.8

SHaykh (ba mugul) guft:

  • Ey oqo, maro mafrush, ki kimati man ziyoda az in ast, bad az on chun andake roh kat namud, shakhsi digar pesh omadu guft, ki in pirro makush va ba dasti man bifrush, bahoi kimati vay yak tubra[14] koh khoham dod.

SHaykh guft:

  • Bifrush, ki besh az in namearzam. Mugul ba kakhr rafta, SHaykhro ba 22-yumi jimod-ul-okhiri sanai 627 sharbati shahodat chashonid.

[1] Tazkirai – «Ruzi ravshan» – az talifoti Mavlavy Muhammad Muzaffar Husayni Sabo, Tehron 1343, sah. 552. (KDR ba nomi Firdavsy, tahti №5793).

[2] Tazkirai – «Nashtari ishq» – az tasnifoti Husaynqulikhoni Azimobody, Dushanbe, «Donish», 1983, kitobi 3 – yum, sah.971.

[3] Humkhona – sharobkhona.

[4] Tariqat – rohu ravish.

[5] Gavvos – obboz.

[6] Irfon – marifat.

[7] Asad – sher.

2 Orifi billohi fano-fi-illayhi – donoi maftunshuda ba Hudo.

3 Mashoikh – jami shaykh.

4 Mojidda – mashhur.

5 Kudum – omadan.

6 Mahd – gahvora.

7 Jud – fazilat.

8 «Nafahot-ul-uns» – asari Abdurahmoni CHomi.

9 Markum – navishta.

10 Bilkulliya – tamoman.

[8] Tasfiya – toza.

12 Tadvin – navishtani devon.

13 Abvob – jami bob.

14 Tavhid – etikod.

15 Maftuh – fath.

16 Iltiyom – vasl.

1 Hod (d) i – burro.

2 Solik – payrav.

3 Masolik – chami maslak; rohu ravish.

4 Hangoma – chamomada.

5 Fitrat – muhoriba.

6 Maktal – qatlgh.

7 Hamon – tazkirai «Ruzi ravshan».

8 Dirham – diram; puli nukra.

9 Tubra – turba.

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