INSIIOOB MADANI DAR TOJIKISTON

Inkilob dar sohai madaniyat yak kismi tarkibii barnomai sokhtmoni sotsializm bud. Hokimiyati SHuravi nashhoi azimi sanoatkunoni, istifodai tekhnikai nav dar khochagii kishlokro ba nash girifta, baroi amali gardonidani on ba mutakhasisson ekhtiyochi kalon dosht. Maqsadi inkilobi madani pesh az hama tarbiya va tayyor namudani odamon dar rukhiyai kommunisti va madaniyati siyosi bud.
YAke az vazifahoi avvalindarachai inkilobi madani in bartaraf namudani besavodi dar bayni aholii kalonsoloi chumkhuri bud. Garchande, ki khalki tochik doroi farhangi boi kadima boshad ham, vale dar ibtidoi asri HH kulli mardum az in madaniyat bebahra monda budand. Ba maqsadi barham dodani besavodii aholi soli 1925 dar nazdi Vazorati maorif Komissiyai tachili oid ba barham dodani besavodi tashkil karda shud. Ba kori in komissiya chamiyati «Kurshoi mahvi besavodi» yorii amali merasonid. Soli 1922 dar Moskva, dar nazdi komissariyati khalki oid ba kori millatho komissiyai makhsus, tasis yoft, ki masalai islohoti khat va ba ham nazdik kardani khalku millathoi SHuraviro barrasi namud. Mokhi yanvari soli 1927 dar Samarqand kumitai islohoti alifboi tochiki tasis yoft. Ba in kumita Nusratullo Makhsum, Hisor Muhammad, Ugur Musavi, Ayni, Fitrat Qosimov, Qamarzoda, SHamsiddinov, Daylami, Zehni dokhil meshudand. Az soli 1927 rasman ba alifboi lotini guzashta shud. CHori shudani alifboi lotini baroi savodomuzi tasiri kalon rasond. Dar barobari in maraka guzashtan ba alifboi nav be nuqson naguzasht. Dar naticha adabiyoti ziyodi nniyogonamon nestu nobud karda shud.
Az tarafi digar alifboi navro dar chomea na hamai ashkhos ba amri dil qabul kardand. Ba vuchudi in 15 – apreli soli 1928 KIM jumhuri dar borai rasman chori namudani alifboi lotini qaror qabul namud.
Guzashtan ba alifboi krili qadre osontar ba amal omad. 21 mayi soli 1940 machlisi SHuroi Olii Tochikiston doir ba tabdili alifboi lotini ba krili qaror qabul namud.
Vazifai aznavsozii sokhtori maorifi khalk yake az samthoi asosii barnomai sokhtmoni sotsializm bud. Mokhi dekabri soli 1924 Komissariati maorifi khalki Tochikiston tashkil doda shud. Bo kushishi Vazorati maorif dar kori talim peshravii nazarras ba dast darovarda shud.
Agar soli khonishi 1924-1925 dar Tochikiston 25-maktab bo 774-khonanda amal mekard, pas soli tahsili 1931-1932 mikdori maktabho ba 1823 va shumorai khonandagon ba 101905 nafar rasid.
Baroi tayyor kardani omuzgoron dar avval kurshoi kutokhmuddati muallim tayyorkuni, omuzishgokhdoi pedagogi kushoda shuda, soli 1931 dar Dushanbe va Huchand Donishkadahoi pedagogi tasis doda shudand. Dar natichai in chorabiniho imkoniyat paydo shud, ki avval ba malumoti hatmii ibtidoi va bad haftsola guzashta shavad.
Bo barpo shudani Hokimiyati SHuravi baroi mustakhkam namudani bazai moddi-tekhnikii idorahoi madani – ravshannamoi diqqati kalon doda shud. Dar solhoi 20-30-yum avvalin kitobkhonaho, klubho va choykhonahoi surkh sokhta shudand. To soli 1937 dar Tochikiston 1736 idorahoi gunoguni farhangi-marifati sokhta shudand. Dar sokhtori korhoi marifati dar bayni zanon klubhoi zanon sahmi ziyod doshtand. Soli 1931 avvalin klubi zanona dar Huchand kushoda shud.
Dar Tochikiston to inkilobi yagon kitobkhona nabud. Badi inkilob dar tamomi nohiyahoi chumkhuri az jumla soli 1933 kitobkhonai avvalin ba nomi A.Firdavsy kushoda shuda, dar tamomi nokhiyahoi chumhuri kitobkhonaho amal mekardand, soli 1935 shumorai umumii onho ba 286 adad rasid.
Dar baland bardoshtani madaniyati siyosi va manavii shakhrvandon, matbuoti davri sahmi kalon dosht.
Az soli 1925 nashri ruznomai «Bedorii tochik» shuru shuda, dar okhiri solhoi 30-um 7 ruznomai nohiyavi va 6 machalla chop meshudand.
Dar asosi krujokhoi khudfaoliyati 7 noyabri soli 1929 avvalin teatri kasbii tochik (ba nomi A.Lokhuti) kushoda shud.
Dar rafti guzaronidani sokhtmoni madani dar Tochikiston dar barobari muvaffakiyatho kambudihoi ziyod niz sodir gashatand. YAke az in kambudiho dar solhoi 20-30- yum muborizai shadid bar ziddi dindoron, nest kardani kitobhoe, ki ba khurufoti arabi navishta shuda budand ba hisob meravad.
Dar in solho du marotiba islohoti alifbo ivaz gardida, aholiro az omukhtani sarchashmahoi tarikhii khesh to yak davrai muayyan mahrum namuda, aloqai tochinro bo khalkhoi digari forsizabon kanda kard. Bisyor ziyoiyon, kormandoni hizbi-davlati begunoh badara va habs karda shudand. Rushanfikrone, ki bo hurufoti arabi saru kor doshtand, dushmani khalk hisobida, adabiyoti ziyodro nobud kardand.
Hokimiyati SHuravi yakbora tamomi shaklhoi peshtarai talim va madrasaho barham doda, ziyoiyoni inkilobi ba kori maorif chalb nakardand. Manaviyoti mardum kosta gashta bud, zero baroi hamatarafa va chukur omukhtani tarikhu farhangi khalki tochik imkoniyat faroham ovarda nashud. Omukhtani tarikh va madaniyati khalki tochik dar dokhili tarikhi ICHSHS omukhta meshud, ki in basanda nabud.