ISTISODIYOTI TURKISTON DAR DAVRAI MUSTAMLIKAVI (1864-1917)

Bad az hamroh shudani Osiyoi Miyona ba Rossiya dar in kishvar munosibathoi kapitalisti ru ba inkishof nihoda, yakchand muassisahoi korkardi nakhustini ashyoi khom, az qabili zavodu fabrikahoi pakhtatozakuni, ravankashi, charmgari va maykashi sokhta shudand. Garchande, ki baroi taraqqi dodani sanoati bofandagi dar Osiyoi Miyona sharoiti muvofiq mavchud bud, sanoatchiyoni rus imkoniyat namedodand, ki dar nokhiyahoi pakhtakori Osiyoi Miyona sanoati bofandagi paydo shavad.
Dar barobari digar nokhiyaho soli 1872 dar Uezdi Huchand fabrikai pillakashi sokhta shud. Dar in korkhona se usto va 73 nafar korgari pillakash kor mekardand. Dar korkhona moshinai bugi 73 dastgokhro ba harakat medarovard.
Mokhi mai soli 1880 dar Huchand fabrikai digari pillakashi sokhta shud, ki ba kapitalisti rus Mogolov taaluq dosht. Kapitalisti digari rus Isaev soli 1873 zavodi maykashi va savdogaroni rus Faviyskiy va Zuev soli 1880 zavodhoi maykashi va sharbatbaroriro sokhtand. Dar barobari in korkhonaho, dar Huchand kapitalistoni rus Isaev va Ivanov dar Dekhmoy zavodhoi shishabarori sokhtand.
YAke az okibathoi progressivii hamroh shudani Osiyoi Miyona ba Rossiya dar on bud, ki boygarii kishvar omukhta meshud. In ba on ovarda rasond, ki istehsoli angishtsang dar Uezdi Huchand va Isfara dar ikhtiyori sarmoyadoroni rus Faviyskiy, Petrov, Ivanov va Krauz bud. (Karimov T. Pobeda Velikoy Oktyabrskoy Sosialisticheskoy Revolyusii v Severnom Tadjikistane.- Stalinabad, 1957.-S.8).
Sanoati taraqqikarda istodai Rossiya ba ashyoi khomi Osiyoi Miyona ekhiyochoti kalon dosht. Dar in choda sokhtmoni rokhi ohan ahamiyati makhsus paydo mekard. Dar solkhoi 70-umi asri X1X nakshai sokhtmoni rohi ohan, ki Osiyoi Miyonaro ba Rossiya mepayvast, sar shud.
Dar masalai sokhtmoni rokhi ohan nashhoi ziyode peshbini karda shuda budand. Baroi sokhtmoni rokhi kaloni okhan khukumati podshokhi mablagi zaruri nadosht. Az in chihat, sokhtani rokhi ohani transkontinetali baroi iktisodiyoti Rossiya khele garon bud. Soli 1885 rokhi ohan to Ashkhobod, soli 1888 to Samarqand va soli 1898 to Toshkand rasonida shud. Ammo khati rokhi ohani mazkur ehtiyochoti purrai kishvarro qone karda nametavonist. Zarur bud, ki Osiyoi Miyona bevosita ba nokhiyakhoi markazii Rossiya payvast karda shavad. Az in sabab, dar ibtidoi asri XX sokhtmoni on az nav sar shud. In roh meboist Toshkandro bo Orenburg mepayvast. Sokhtmoni in roh bo surat davom karda soli 1905 khati rokhi ohani kishvar bo khati rokhi ohani Orenburg payvasta shud. Hati rokhi ohan az sarosari shimolii Tochikiston guzashta, ba hamin mahsulosti kosibon va dekhdononi tochik ba tamomi bozorhoi general-gubernatorii Turkiston va Rossiya intiqol meyoft.
Bo paydoshavii avvalin korkhonahoi sanoati dar kismi nohiyahoi SHimolii Tojikiston, ki ba general-gubernatori Turkiston dokhil meshudand, alomathoi sanoati kapitalisti ba vuchud omadand. Ammo dar iktisodiyoti davrai mustamlikavii Osiyoi Miyona (az chumla nokhiyakhoi Markazi, CHanubi va Garbii Tikiston, ki dar borai on dar bobi oyanda ba tavri mufassal malumot doda meshavad), kosibi va khunarmandi hanuz bartari dosht.
Hunarmandi dar solhoi avvali ba Rossiya hamroh shudani Osiyoi Miyona taravdi kard. Azbaski rohi nakliyot mavjud nabud, mavodhoi zaruri, az kabili matohoi pakhtagin, pashmin, khaymahoi namadinro askaroni surkh az khunarmandoni mahali mekharidand. Dar natija sifati mahsuloti hunarmandi behtar gardid.
Okhirhoi asri XIX dar natijai sokhtmoni rohi ohan ba Osiyoi Miyona toraft molkhoi sanoatii Rossiya bisyortar dokhil meshudand. Mahsuloti hunarmandon dar raqobat bo mahsuli sanoati tob ovarda natavonist. In ba kasod gashtani sohai hunar va hunarmandi ovarda rasonid.