Bayhaqi (r) meguyad: «Bayoni mashaqqatho va sakhtihoe, ki Abuabdulloh Ahmad ibni Hanbal dar zamoni khilofati Mamun, Mutasim va Vosiq ba khotiri Quron tahammul namud va bayoni zindonhoi darozmuddat va shalloqhoi ziyod, tahdid ba qatl, shikanjahoi bisyori Imom Ahmad va betavajjuh budani u ba in mashaqqatho, sabru poydori bar dini Hudo va rohi mustaqim.
Imom Ahmad az oyot va ahodise, ki dar borai tahammuli sakhti dar rohi din ast, ogohii komil doshta, bad-in khotir bo rizoyati komil shinkanjahoro tahammul namud va dar in roh poydori nishon dod, to Hudovand uro az jumlai avliyoi rostini khud qaror dod va ba saodati du jahon dast yoft. Hudovand mefarmoyad:
«Oyo mardumon pindoshtand, ki ba mujarradi on, ki guyand: «Imon ovardem» – guzoshta shavand va onho imtihon karda nashavand?».
«Ba har chi ba tu birasad, sabr kun; ba durusti ki in muqaddima az korhoi maqsud ast».
Imom Ahmad dar kitobi «Musnad» az Sad rivoyat mekunad, ki suol kardam: «YO Rasululloh, chi kasone beshtar dar mashaqqat va sakhti voqe meshavand?». Farmudand: «Payombaron, sipas kasone, ki misli Payombar hastand, sipas kasone, ki dar darajai badi qaror megirand. Hudovand bandaashro ba andozai dinu imonash mavridi ozmoish qaror medihad va hamchunon in ozmoishi Hudovand idoma dorad, to in ki tamomi gunohoni in shakhs az bayn biravad».
Ibni Kasir meguyad: «Hulosai mashaqqat va sakhtii Imom Ahmad az zaboni imomoni ahli sunnat.
Dar on chi ki guzasht, guftem, ki guruhe bar fikru aqli Mamun – khalifai Abbosi tasallut yoftand va uro az rohi haq munharif karda, ba u guftand: «Quron az jumlai makhluqoti Hudovand ast va Hudovand doroi sifot nameboshad». Bayhaqi meguyad: «Hulafoi bani Umayya va bani Abbos tobei aqida va mazhabi salafi soleh budand va zamone ki Mamun ba khilofat rasid, mutazila davri u jam shudand va uro gumroh kardand».
Raisi onho Ahmad ibni Abudovudi mutazili bud va mardumro majbur ba qabuli in aqida kardand, ki Quron makhluqi Hudovand ast. Ulamo va ahli hadisro tahdid kardand. Az onho kasone budand, ki ba ijbor va nokhushi qabul kardand va baze onho kasone budand, ki dar zohir in aqidaro qabul karda va baze digar niz firor kardand. Ammo Imom Ahmad ibni Hanbal va Muhammad ibni Nuh az qabuli in aqida khuddori kardand. Imom Ahmad ba zindon andokhta shud va uro tahti shikanja va aziyat qaror dodand, to in ki ba yorii Hudovand haq az botil oshkor shud. U az jumlai kasone meboshad, ki Rasululloh (s) dar borai onho mefarmoyand:
«Hamesha guruhe az ummati man bar rohi mustaqim va haq poydor hastand, ki az aziyatu shikanja va mukholifat bimu harose nadorand, to in ki vadai Hudovandi dar mavridi piruzii eshon biyoyad va onho bar in rohi mustaqim hastand».
Imom Ahmad nazdik ba 15 sol dar zindon dar zeri shikanjavu tahdid dar ayyomi khilofati Mamunu Mutasim, Vosiq va Mutavakkil bud. Dar zamoni khilofati Mutavakkil, ki az dustdoroni sunnat va aqidai salafi soleh bud, Imom az zindon ozod shudand. Dar zindon dar hole, ki poyhoyash dar zanjir bud, namozi jamoat barguzor mekard. Pas bingar ey barodari musalmon, chiguna in Imomi buzurgvor dar yak masalai aqida poydori karda, zarrae az aqidai khud aqibnishini nakard va haqro baroi mardum bayon namud. Ba hamin khotir ba «Imomi ahli sunnat» mashhur shud.
Инчунин кобед
Sokhti guruhhoi khurd
Zeri mafhumi sokhti guruhi khurd, sokht va khususiyathoi mavjudai mu- nosibathoi baynihamdigarii azo- yoni on …