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Qabuli qaror dar menejmenti innovatsioni

Qabuli qaror marhilai khotimavii menejmenti innovatsioni mahsub meshavad. Novobasta az ahamiyati muhimi beshtar vazifahoi menejment, mahz qarorho korkhonaro ba natijahoi musbi yo manfi ovarda merasonand.

Jarayoni qabuli qarorho az menejment purragii akhbor va sohibikhtiyorii komili menejerro talab namuda, bo qabuli tavakkal be uhdadoriho tavsif doda meshavad.

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Az baski faoliyati ilmi va innovatsioni jarayoni ejodi meboshad ba on qabuli qarorhoi beikhtiyorona(intuitivi), khos ast. Tasoduf nest, ki dar mamlakathoi taraqqikardai jahon qabuli qarori jarayoni ejodiro bo kategoriyahoi menejmenti ekzistensili tavsif medihand.

Qismi nazarrasi qarorhoi olimon, ikhtirokoron va menejeroniinnovatsioni bo jarayonhoi amiqi farosati asos yoftaand. Ammo qismi ziyodi tadqiqotchiyon ba usulhoi zerini korkardi aqidahoi ilmi diqqat medihand, ba monandi: «hujumi zehni», «jamovarii nuqtahoi nazar», «jami aqidahoi gayri oddi», «namoishi» va gayra.

Menejeri navovar hangomi qabuli qaror oidi korkardi innovatsiya boyad ba muqararkunii robitahoi sababu natijavi va khususiyati mantiqii tadqiqothoi oyandai amali diqqat dihad.

Dar jarayoni faoliyati ilmi baroi menejeri navovar maslai guzoshtan az tahlili innovatsiya yagonayu takrornashavanda ba omuzishi jarayonhoi takrorshavandai qabuli qarorhoi standarti paydo meshavand. In vaz tavassuti doirai vasei qarorhoi dar menejmenti innovatsioni qabulshavanda tavsif doda meshavad.

Qarorhoi idorakuni boyad bo usulhoi ilmi, tahlili hamatarafa va imkonpaziri intikhobi asosnok karda shavand. Odatan ba qarorhoi idorakuni chunin talabotho guzoshta meshavand: samtnoki, asosnoki, surogadori, vazifaguzori, taminoti zakhiraho va gayra.

Banizomdarorii qarorhoi idorakuni tasnifiloiharo az rui darajahoi menejment, vazifahoi idorakuni va shaklu usulhoi qabuli qarorhoi peshbini menamoyad. Az rui darajai qarorhoi qabulshavanda ba strategi, konseptuali va jori judo meshavad. Qarorhoi konseptuali ba taraqqiyoti oyandai korkhona, justujui hamkoron va sarmoyaguzoroni strategi, voridshavii korkhona ba sohaho va bozorhoi nav dakhl dorand. Qarorhoi jori boshand az jonibi menejeroni darajahoi miyona va poyoni qabul karda meshavand.

Qarorhoi asosi dar doirai vakolathoi menejer qabul megardand, ki dar hududi vazifahoi menejmenti innovatsioni surat megirand. Masalan, vazifai banaqshagirii loihai innovatsioni tahlil va bahodihii loihai peshnihodshudai navovari, tasdiqi jadval va tarkibi korho oidi amalisozii loiha, hisobkunii kharojoti loiha, muayyankunii taminotchiyon va ijrokunandagon, banaqshagirii moliyakunoni loiha va qabuli naqshai amali gardonii loiharo dar bar megirad.

Marhilahoi qabuli qaror bo paydarhamii qadamhoi bo ham aloqamand, istifodai purrai tamomi akhbor asos yofta ba bahodihii nomuayyani va tavakkal diqqat doda meshavad. Hangomi qabuli qarorho ba mahdudiyathoi zakhiravi, akhbori, raftori va zaminavi takya kardan lozim ast.

Jarayoni beshtar pahnshudai qabuli qarorho naqshai panjzinagii on ba hisob meravad, ki chuninast: 1) sanjishi masala; 2 ) korkardi nishondihandaho; 3) oshkorsozii imkoniyatho; 4) bahodihii qiyosii imkoniyatho; 5) intikhobi nihoi.

Namud va tarhhoi qarorhoi qabulshavanda harkhela meboshand. Hamin tavr ba namudhoi qarorhoi beikhtiyorona (intuitivi), navjuyona (evristiki) va ananaviro judo menamoyand.

Az rui darajai pahnshavi qarorhoi fardi, lokali, takrorshavanda, oyandabini, durnamoi va jahoni (globali)-ro farq mekunand.

Az rui darajai murakkabii jarayon va obekthoi qabuli qarorho beshtar usul va vositahoi qaror niz murakkab megardand.

Beshtar chunin usulhoi pahngardida mahsub meshavand: omori riyozi, nizariyai boziho, nazariyai ehtimoliyat, barnomarezii khatti va gayrikhatti, tarhhoi taqlidi (imitasioni), nazariyai jadvalho, khizmatrasonii ommavi, inchunin nazariyai justujui akhbor, tanzimi khudkori (avtomati) va gayra.

Namud va tarhhoi qarorhoi qabulshavanda dar menejmenti innovatsioni az davrahoi hayotii innovatsiya vobastagi dorand. Dar vobastagi ba har yak davrai hayotii innovatsiya qarorhoi muvofiq ba onho qabul karda meshavand:

  • davrai tadqiqot va korkard;
  • voridshavi ba bozor;
  • rushdi innovatsiya;
  • tanazzuli innovatsiya.

Masalai asosii menejmenti innovatsioni az tamini ehtiyojoti jamiyati bo mahsuloti innovatsioni va tamini musoidati oqilonai bayni shubahoi korkhona dar amalisozii faoliyati innovatsioni iborat meboshad.

SHakhsiyati namoyon dar faoliyati innovatsioni korkhona menejeri navovar mahsub meshavad. Menejeri navovar shakhsest, ki qobiliyati halli maslahoi gayristandartii tashkiliyu tekhnikiro doshta dar barobari on naqshhoi zerinro ijro menamoyad:

  • ikhtirokorro, ki mushkilihoi bo istifodabarii ikhtiro aloqamandro bartaraf mesozad;
  • sohibkorro, ki amalisozii aqidai begonaro maqsad guzoshta, barobari on sohibi patent megardad;
  • mushoviri faolro, ki tafakkuri jamiyatro ba istifodabarii innovatsiya ravona mesozad.

Menejeri navovar-ro halli majmui masalahoi zerin pesh meoyad:

  • muayyankunii maqsadhoi idorakunii strategi va taraqqiyoti korkhona;
  • zohirsozii masalahoi bartariyatnok, ahamiyatnoki va paydarpai halli onho;
  • idorakunii tagyirotho dar korkhona;
  • korkardi strategiyai taraqqiyoti korkhona va intikhobi strategiyai innovatsioni munosib;
  • tayyorii nizomi chorabiniho oidi korkard va azkhudkunii namudhoi navi mahsulot (dar doirai davrai hayotii mahsulot);
  • bahodihii zakhirahoi zaruri va justujui sarchashmahoi tamini onho;
  • tamini nazorati ijroishi vazifahoi guzoshtashuda dar doirai faoliyati innovatsioni;
  • oyandabini hamchun peshbinii natijahoi taraqqiyoti korkhona, ki zeri musoidati omilhoi dokhiliyu beruni surat megirand;
  • takmildihii nizomii tamomi korhoi korkhona dar asosi istifodabarii usulhoi muosir va vositahoi samaranoki menejment;
  • tayyorkunii sarivaqtii navovarihoi zaruri;
  • behtarsozi sokhtori tashkili idorakunii korkhona muvofiqi talabothoi tagyiryofta;
  • muayyankuni va komyobshavii amalii maqsadhoe, ki ba manfiathoi korkhona muvofiq buda, az talabothoi bozori istemolkunandagon barmeoyand.

Dar «menejmenti innovatsioni» ba manoi vasei in istiloh na tanho menejeroni navovar, balki sohibkoron, ikhtirokoron, rohbaron, mutakhassison va ijrokunandagon niz mavqei amaliro ishgol menamoyand. Tajribai faoliyati innovatsioni yak qator namudhoi makhsus va naqshahoi navovaron, rohbaron va ijrokunandagon korkard namudaast.

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Инчунин кобед

jubron-xalil

Jubron Halil Jubron

JUBRON HALIL JUBRON yake az  navisandagoni ovozadori arab buda,  soli 1883 dar dehai Bashrai Lubnon  …

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