Kafforati ruza

Kafforat charimaest, ki baroi chubroni ruzai fosidshuda muayyan
shudaast va on bo darnazardoshti holathoi moly va chismii shakhsi ru-
zador ba se nav taksim meshavad:
1. Ozod kardani yak gulom;
2. Agar ba ozod kardani yak gulom kodir naboshad, du moh pay dar
pay ruza bigirad;
3. Agar kudrati ruza giriftan ham nadoshta boshad, pas ba shast
miskin baroi subhu shom taom dihad.
Gar kase kasd kard dar khurdan,
Ba nahoru muchomaat kardan.
SHast miskinro taom boyad dod,
YO yake banda kardanash ozod!.
YO du moh ruza payopay dor,
To shavy az hayot barkhurdor!.
Kafforati ruza vakte bar shakhs vochib megardad, ki ruzai mohi
Ramazonro bo yake az se mamnuoti katy: khurdan, nushidan va hambista-
ry fosid namuda va dar vay sharthoi zerin faroham omada boshand: 1.
Sinnu sol va sharoiti digari taklif dar vay mavchud boshand, 2.
ruzai mohi Ramazonro az shab niyat karda boshad, 3. pesh az fosid na-
mudani ruza va yo bad az on chize az uzrhoe, ki iftorro choiz megardo-
nand, ba vuchud naomada boshad, 4. bo ikroh va machbury naboshad, 5. kas-
dan va be faromushy surat girifta boshad, 6. khato nakarda boshad va
hamchunin dar holati iztirory karor nadoshta boshad.
Binobar in, kudaki ba balogat narasida va hamin tavr bolige, ki
pas az damidani subh niyati ruza karda boshad, agar ruzaashonro fosid
namoyand, bar onho kafforate vochib namegardad. SHakhsi ruzador agar
safar namoyad va pas az on ruzaashro bikhurad, bar vay kafforate vo-
chib namegardad, zero safar az uzrhoi sharie ast, ki khurdani ruza bo
on choiz megardad. Va yo pas az on ki ruzaashro kasdan khurd, bemor
shavad va zan hayz binad, dar in suratho niz bar vay kafforate vojib
namegardad, zero holo baroyash sharoite pesh omadaast, ki noguzir ru-
zaashro mekhurad.
Hamchunin agar ruzadorero majburan bikhuronand va yo bo fa-
romushy va yo ba vajhi khato va yo dar holati iztirory ruzaashro bi-
khurad, dar in holatho niz bar vay kafforate vojib namegardad. Hato
in ast, ki masalan, shakhse ba gumoni in ki hanuz subh nadamidaast, sa-
harikhuriro idoma dihad va badtar malum shavad, ki subh kayho da-
midaast va yo dar ruzi abry ba gumoni in ki oftob nishastaast, iftor
namoyad va pas az kame malum gardad, ki hanuz oftob nanishastaast. YO
dar vaqti vuzu dahonashro obgardon namoyad va miqdore ob ba halqash
furu ravad.
In korho az vay na qasdan surat girifta va na sahvan – bo faro-
mushy sar zadaand, zero dar tamomi in suratho ruzaash dar khotirash
bud, vale dar surathoi avval dar tayini daqiqi damidani subh va yo
nishastani oftob ba khato roh dodaast va dar surati akhir miqdore ob
ba tavri khato ba halqash furu raftaast.
Dar tamomi surathoi zikrshuda, ba juz kudaki ba balogat narasi-
da, qazo hatman bar shakhs vojib megardad, vale kafforat nadorand.
Zero kafforat az jonibi shar dar surati kamoli jinoyat dar fosid
namudani ruza peshbiny shudaast va on bo tahaqquqi sharthoi nombur-
da ba vujud meoyad.
CHy tavre mushohida meshavad, baroi jubroni ruzai fosidshuda
dar mohi Ramazon ilova bar qazoi on ruze, ki fosid shudaast, dar
majmuai qonunguzorii shar jarimae ham bo nomi kafforat peshbiny
shudaast, zero dar in holat hatki hurmati mohi Ramazon – farizai khu-
dovandy – va beehtiromii oshkore nisbat ba muqaddasoti Islom su-
rat giriftaast. Vale az on jo ki in chorabiny ba unvoni jarima va ba
surati jazoe peshbiny shudaast, shariat doirai onro khele mahdud na-
muda, holathoi vojib gardidani onro bo sharthoi amalie vobasta
kardaast, ki hamai onho dar yakjoyagy kam ba vuqu meoyand.
Ba in mano, ki kafforat vaqte bar shakhs vojib megardad, ki dar
mohi Ramazon ruzona qasdan be hej guna uzri shary va yo shubhae az
vujudi uzrho ruzaashro, ki tamomi sharthoi kamol dar on tahaqquq
yofta boshand, bo yake az se mamnuoti ruza: khurdan, nushidan va yo hambis-
tary ba tavri komil fosid namoyad. Ammo agar kamoli shary dar yake
az ashyoi nomburda mavchud naboshad, masalan, az shab niyati ruza nakar-
da boshad va yo ruz hanuz ravshan nagashta boshad, yane shubhai bakoi
shab uro ba in kor vodoshta boshad va yo pesh yo pas az fosid namudani
ruza yake az uzrhoi shary baroyash pesh oyad va yo amali hambistariro
dar choi khud anchom nadihad va yo chizero, ki khurda va yo nushidaast,
mamulan az ashyoi khuroky va mavodi doruy naboshad, ba monandi furu
burdani sangreza, gardu gubor, pashsha va g., dar tamomi in suratho
kafforate bar shakhs vochib namegardad.
SHoyoni zikr ast, ki khukmi kafforati ruzai mokhi Ramazon bo sun-
nati Rasuli Hudo (s) sobit shudaast. Rivoyat shudaast, ki: «Marde ba

ikhotai giriftaand, lkhtochar ba on az bayti د
vuchud nadorad. Payombar (s) khandid, to on ki dandonuoi peshash namudor
gashtand, on goh farmud: Birav va o٠nro ba ahli  
Vale navhoi digari kafforatho: kafforati zihor, kafforati
katli ba khato, kafforati savgandshikany va kafforati katli saydi
Haram dar vakti ehrom bo nassi kurony sobit shudaand. Kafforati
zihor bo oyathoi 3 va 4 surai Mujodala, kafforati katli ba khato bo
oyati 92-yumi surai Niso, kafforati savgandshikany bo oyati 89-umi
surai Moida va kafforati katli sayd bo oyati 95-umi surai Moida
sobit shudaast.
Kafforati ruzai mohi Ramazon bo sunnat sobit shuda va nassi
sareh dar in zamina tanho holati mujomaat va hambistariro dar bar
megirad, vale mashoikhi hanafy hukmi kafforati ifsodi ruza ba va-
silai khurdan va nushidanro bo kiyos ba on sobit namudaand. Zero har
se mamnuoti katii ruza: khurdan, nushidan va hambistary bo oyat mu-
ayyan gardidaand. Ammo az on jo ki nassi kafforati ruza tanho hola-
ti hambistariro dar bar megirad, buzurgoni shofey kafforatro dar
bobi ifsodi ruza tanho ba hamon mavridi nas(s) mahdud donista va
dar mavridi ifsodi ruza bo khurdanu nushidan hej guna kafforatero
vojib naguftaand.
Tafsili baze masoili in bob dar faslhoi bady bayon megardad
va surathoi gunogune dar in bora zikr meshavand, vale dar baze mav-
ridho baroi darki durusti in masoil behtar ast ba korshinosoni so-
ha va donishmandoni fiqh murojiat shavad.