1. Manoi chavf va dimog az nazari fasehon

a) Pesh az hama, mekushem ba manoi chavf (shikam) az nazari faqe-
hon ravshani andozem, zero har chize ba shikam furu ravad, az nazari
fiqhi mufsid va shikanandai ruza ba shumor meravad. Quroni karim
khurdan va nushidanro shikanandai ruza hukm kardaast va az nazari
anatomi ba tavri dakik malum ast, ki dastgokhi hozima va uzvhoe, ki
sistemai umumii kabul va korkardi io va tagziyai badanro tashkil
medihand, iboratand az: a) dahon, b) halk, v) surkhnoy, g) meda, d) ru-
dai duvozdahangushta, j) rudahoi borik, z) rudai gafs va l) rudae, ki
ba makad payvast meboshad.
Az in taqsimbandii ilmi barmeoyad, ki khurdanu nushidan va tag-
ziyai badan ba vositai hamin uzvho hosil meshavad va tanho hamon
chize shikanandai ruza ba shumor meravad, ki az tariqi halq ba meda
birasad, vale faqehoni kirom manoi tagziyaro vasetar az in girif-
ta va har chizero, ki ba shikam vorid shavad, onro shikanandai ruza do-
nistaand, khoh ba dastgokhi hozima vorid shuda boshad, khoh ba digar ko-
vokihoi dokhili shikam. CHavf ham dastgokhi hozima (meda, rudai gafs
va gayra) va ham digar kovokihoi shikamro dar bar megirad.
Ba aqidai onho az tariki dastgokhi hozima va digar uzvhoe, ki mu-
khimtarin vazifai chismoni (fiziologi)-i onho kabul va korkardi gi-
zo meboshad, tagziyai komil surat megirad, vale az tariqi digar uzv-
hoi dokhili shikam niz tagziyai nisbi hosil meshavad va manzuri oyat az
khurdanu nushidan niz tagziyai dokhili meboshad. 
Ilmi tibbi muosir niz in mavqero tayid menamoyad va taiyai
nisbi az tariki iri sistemai hozima, yane az tariki digar uzvhoi
dokhiliro ba isbot rasonidaast. Masalan, agar ba zeri pardai rui
shikam glyukoza va digar mahlulhoi iobakhsh vorid karda shavad,
jism az tariki hamon parda nerui khudro barkaror menamoyad.
Nazari jumhuri ahli sunnat on ast, ki bo rasidani chize ba javf
(shikam) ruza fosid meshavad va javfro shomili meda, uzvhoi marbut
ba tagziya va digar kovokihoi shikam medonand.
b) Gayr az in faqehon rasidani doru va har guna mahlulhoi gizo-
bakhshro ba dimog niz shikanandai ruza donistaand va manzuri onho az
dimog magzi sar va tamomi boftahoi asabie meboshand, ki dar dokhili
kosai sar joygir shudaand. Ba aqidai jumhuri fakehoni mazhabhoi
ahli sunnat dimog yake az kovokihoi badan buda, az on ba shikam roh va
manfaze vujud dorad. Binobar in, har chizi moe va doroi arzishi gi-
zoie ba dimog birasad, on niz shikanandai ruza ba shumor meravad.
Ba aqidai baze faqehon az dimog ba shikam hej guna manfaz va
rohe vujud nadorad, vale dimog qobiliyati tasirpaziri va kasbi ku-
vvatu zafro ba andozae ba tavri mustaqil dorad. Binobar in, vorid
shudani doru va digar ashyoi iobakhsh ba dimog shikanandai ruza ba
shumor meravad.
v) Mavodi doruvori va digar mahlulhoi davoi dar nazdi jumhuri
ahli sunnat hukmi mavodi ioiro dorand va bo rasidani onho ba shi-
kam va yo dimog ruza fosid meshavad. Zero dar in holat manoi tagziya
va nashoti badan amalan tahaqquq meyobad
g) Ashyoi digare, ki arzishi gizoi nadorand, ba monandi ohanpora,
gilpora va gayra va yo mamulan ba on tarz khurda nameshavand, ba mis-
li mevahoi khom, ziroathoi nopukhta va gayra, vakte kasdan furu burda
shavand, onho niz ruzaro fosid mekunand. Zero manoi khurdan dar in
holat suratan tahaqquq yoftaast.
d) Dar barobari guftahoi bolo, ki dar onho nazari fikhii maz-
habhoi ahli sunnat dar borai manoi kalimai javf (shikam) va dimog
(magzi sar) ba tavri fishurda bayon gardid, didgohi digari fikhie niz
vujud dorad, ki hanuz dar marhalahoi shaklgirii khud karor doshta, ba
surati mazhab va yo rayi mustaqille dar in mavzu nadaromadaast.
On iborat ast az in ki har chize ba dastgohi hozima va digar uzvhoe,
ki bevosita ba korkard va tagziyai badan marbut meboshand, vorid sha-
vad, ruzaro fosid mesozad va chize, ki ba digar kovokihoi shikam va
hamchunin, ba dimog vorid shavad, on ruzaro fosid namesozad.
Hamchunin didgohi digare niz vujud dorad, ki mavodi doruvoriro
komilan mufsidi ruza etibor namekunad. Zero onho mamulan dar
hukmi khurdaniho va yo mavodi gizoi dokhil nameboshand va dar shariat
niz nass (dalel)-i sarehe naomadaast, ki onhoro dar hukmi mavodi gi-
zoy karor doda boshad va yo hukmi mufsidi ruza budani onhoro muayyan
karda boshad.
Bo vujudi on ki amal kardan ba nazaroti fikhii donishmandoni
muosir sharan hej mushkilero ba vujud nameovarad, zero onho dar in
masoil, ki az jumlai masoili ijtihody ba shumor meravand, ba naza-
ri fikhii ilman dakiktare dast yoftaand. Vale amal kardan ba naza-
roti fikhii jumhuri ahli sunnat avlotar ast, zero dar onho janbai
ehtiyot dar ibodat beshtar mavridi nazar karor giriftaast.