Marhalahoi davati Payombar (s)

Bad az nuzuli vahy dar zindagii Payombar (s) marhalahoi jadide ogoz gardid, ba in khotir dar avvalin marhalai ogozi vahy shuru ba davati mardum namudand. Marhalahoi davati Payombar (s)-ro metavon ba du davra taqsim namud:
Davati pinhoni (makhfi)
Payombar (s) dar in davron faqat afrodero, ki meshinokht, ba Islom davat namud. SHurui davat dar miyoni qavmu qabilai Payombar (s) ba in khotir bud, ki qavmu qabilai on Hazrat (s) mardumi befarhang budand va juz butparasti va sharik ovardan ba Hudo oyine nadoshtand. Bar butparastiyu khurofaparastii khud isror varzidanashon ba in khotir bud, ki padaronu niyogonashonro bar in oyin yofta budand.
Onon chize az akhloqi pisandidai insoni namedonistand va bo vujudi in rayosatu rahbarii jomeai Arabistonro uhdador budand. Binobar in, Payombar (s) meboist ibtidoi davatashro ba surati pinhoni ogoz namoyad, to qavmi u, ki ba tavri nogahoni va ba surati gayri intizori bo davati osmonii Islom ru ba ru megardand, oshub barpo nakunand.
Davroni davati pinhoni se sol tul kashid. Payombar (s) dar in se sol tarafdorone paydo karda bud, ki bo jonu dil az u posdori va himoyat menamudand. Payombar (s) ibtidoi davati kheshro az khonavodai khesh ogoz namud. Hadija – hamsar va dilsuzi Payombar (s) avvalin kase bud, ki ba u imon ovard. Bad az on Zayd ibni Horisa – gulomi ozodshudai Payombar (s) va sipas Ali ibni Abutolib ba vay imon ovardand.
Kasone, ki az hamon nakhust ba Payombar (s) imon ovardand, az inho ibortand: Hadija, Zayd ibni Horisa, Ali ibni Abutolib, Abubakri Siddiq, Usmon ibni Affon, Zubayr ibni Avvom, Abdurrahmon ibni Avf, Sad ibni Abuvaqqos, Talha ibni Zubayr, Abdulloh ibni Masud, Abuzarri Gifori, Said ibni Zaydi Adavi, Fotima khohari Umari Foruq, Ummulfazl – hamsari Abbos ibni Abdulmuttalib, Abusalama Abdulloh ibni Asadi Makhzumi, Holid ibni Said, Arqam ibni Abularqam, Ammor ibni YOsir, YOsir, Habbob ibni Arat va gayra.
In jamoat, ki dar imon bar digaron sabqat va peshi giriftand, dar tarikhi Islom ba “sobiqini avvalin” mashhurand va Hudo az in guruh dar hama jo elomi rizoyatu khushnudi namudast. Dar jildi poyoni in kitob ba khususiyot va sifoti yoronu ashobi Payombar (s) beshtar khohem pardokht.
Dar se sole, ki davati Payombar (s) pinhoni surat megirift, u va yoronash sakhtiho va dushvorihoi ziyodero tahammul namudand, hatto nametavonistand ba tavri oshkor dar peshi chashmoni Quraysh namoz bikhonand yo Quron biomuzand va tilovat kunand. Onho baroi omuzishi Quronu namoz ba kuhho panoh meburdand va namozashonro az qavmu qabilai khesh pinhon mekardand.
Dar in davron khonai Arqam ibni Abularqam niz hamchun yake az marhalahoi davatu tabligi Islom intikhob gardid.
Davati oshkoro
Bad az in ki dar shahri Makka jomeai kuchake az musalmonon bar asosi barodari va hamyori tashkil shud va yoronu ashobi Payombar (s) porae az masuliyati eshonro bar dush giriftand, Hudovand on Hazrat (s)-ro ba oshkor namudani davatash amr kard. In davat bo oyoti zer shuru shud:
“Va in ki kheshavandoni nazdiki kheshro bim deh”. (Surai “SHuaro”, oyati 214).
“Va on chizero, ki Hudovand turo ba on mamur sokhta, baroi mardum bayon kun va mardumro oshkoro ba suyi on davat namo va az mushrikon ruy gardon”. (Surai “Hijr”, oyati 94).
Bo shurui marhalhoi davati oshkoro masuliyati Payombar (s) boz ham mushkiltar gardid va meboist in davatro ba gushi aqvomu kheshoni khesh birasonad. Payombar (s) ibtido toifai bani Hoshimro ba khonai khesh faro khond. Hamagi omadand va shumori onon ba bistu panj nafar merasid. Payombar (s) khost suhbat kunad, ammo Abulahab amaki Payombar (s) peshdasti kardu guft: “Inho hama amakzodagoni tu hastand, binobar in, in korro kanor biguzor va chize nagu, ki bo aqoidi padaronu ajdodi tu mukholif boshad, zero qabilai tu tobu tahammuli inro nadorand, ki dar barobari qabilahoi arab biistand, man to kunun kasero nadidam, ki badtar az on chi tu baroi qavmu qabilai khud ovardai, biyorad. Rasuli Hudo sukut kardandu chize naguftand.
On goh Payombar (s) bori digar ononro davat namud va baroi onho chunin khitobae erod farmud:
“Sipos makhsusi Hudost, uro sipos meguyam, az u yori mejuyam va bar u imonu tavakkul kardam. SHahodat mediham, ki hej mabudi barhaqqe juz Hudoi yaktovu yagona, ki shariku hamtoe nadorad, nest va va man firistodai Hudo ba suyi shumo va tamomi olamiyon hastam. Savgand ba Hudo, ki hamai shumo khohed murd, hamon guna ki bedor meshaved va dar barobari on chi mekuned, kayfaru podosh khohed did”.
Az miyoni in jamiyati davatshuda ba khonai Payombar (s), Abutolib tanho kase bud, ki bo guftahoi Payombar (s) muvofiq bud. Abutolib guft: “Mo besh az had, dustdori hamrohi hamdasti bo tu hastem va az sukhanoni khayrkhohonai tu istiqbol mekunem va guftori turo bovar mekunem! Binobar in mamuriyati Ilohii kheshro dunbol kun, ki ba Hudo savgand payvasta az tu hifozat va posboni mekunem”.
Abulahab guft: “Ba Hudo savgand in rasvoist! Pesh az on ki digaron bar sari u birezand, shumo khud mone shaved”. Ammo Abutolib guft: “Ba Hudo savgand, to okhir az u pushtiboni khoham kard”.