Toj.su
Dar iqtisodiyot iqlimi innovatsioni holati muhiti berunii tashkilotro muayyan namuda ba piyoda kardani maqsadhoi innovatsioni musoidat yo mukholifat mekunad. Vay ba vositai tasirrasoni ba nerui innovatsionu zohir meshavad.
Dar makromuhiti tashkilothoi alohida chor sohai asosii strategi judo karda meshavad:
- ijtimoi;
- tekhnologi;
- iqtisodi;
- siyosi.
Tasiri onho ba makromuhiti tashkilot va nerui innovatsionii on az rui natijai tahlili sohai ijtimoi, tekhnologi, iqtisodi va siyosi muqarrar karda meshavad.
Mikromuhiti tashkilot hamchun majmui mintaqai strategii nazdiki atrof chun tarkibi subekthoi mustaqilan ba on yakjoya amalkunanda va tasirrasonanda ba holati nerui innovatsioni dida baromada meshavad. Hamchun mavzui tahlil sohai makromuhiti beruna baromad mekunad. Muayyan namudani makromuhiti innovatsioni mazmuni tahliliro mefahmonad.
Dar mavridhoi zaruri metavon mavzui tahlilro az hisobi nuqtahoi digari moddi-hududi va sohavi daryoft namud. Malum ast, ki holati doirai mikromuhiti ba mintaqai muhiti khurd va yakjoya bo on ba muhiti darunii tashkilot tasir merasonad.
Ba sifati ihotai dur ba tavri gayrimustaqim girdu atrofi makromuhiti beruni na hamesha mustaqiman ba tavonmandii tashkilot tasir merasonad. In tasirrasoni tez-tez az tariqi mikromuhiti beruna doda meshavad, ki mustaqiman ba tavonmandii tashkilot tasir merasonad. Muhiti beruna hamchun farogiri nazdiki firmaho va tasirguzorii mustaqimi on, yane mikromuhit majmui strategiyai mintaqaro tashkil menamoyad.
Bahodihii qismi tarkibi va andozai muhiti beruni az tarafi korshinoson mutobiqi jadvali 5-bala chunin bahoguzori meshavad:
- 5-holati tarkibii mazkuri muhiti berunii on qadar alo va maqul meboshad, ki imkoni purra istifoda burdani nerui innovatsionii mavjudaro nishon medihad. In holat hamchun imkoniyati khube baroi korkhona baho doda meshavad;
- 4-holati qismi tarkibiash bovarinoki khub buda, yak qator imkoniyatro baroi istifodai nerui innovatsioni faroham meovarad;
- 3- holati qismi tarkibiash bovaribakhsh nabuda va holo tahdid nest, vale mushohidai inkishofi on talab karda meshavad;
- 2-holati qismi tarkibii mazkur khatarnok va boyad hamchun khafnoku tahdidkunanda barrasi gardad.
Mavqei strategii innovatsioni hangomi barrasii yakjoyagii muhiti dokhiliyu beruna dida baromada meshavad, yane hamchun tavonoii innovatsioni va muhiti innovatsioni. Bahodihii mavqei innovatsioni tavasuti qolabhoi gunogun surat megirad. Usuli 8^OT hamchun tahlil, tashkhisi favri, tahlili muhiti tashkilot khelo vase istifoda meshavad.
Darki imkoniyati vaz az rui qolabi 8^OT ba amal barovarda meshavad. Vay ba vositai du samti ufuqi (vektor): holati berunii muhit (mehvari ufuqi) va tavonmandii tashkilot (samti amudi) sokhta meshavad. Har yak samti ufuqi (vektor) ba du qism taqsim meshavad (sathi vaz); imkonot va khatarho, ki az holati muhiti beruni barmeoyand; quvva va notavonii nerui tashkilot.
Baroi tahlili mavqei innovatsionii tashkili sharoiti guruhhoi zerin tashkil meyoband:
- Maydoni 8O-«quvva-imkoniyat» baroi bahodihii mavqei innovatsionii korkhona hangomi ba dast ovardani maqsadhoi innovatsioni sokhtani mahsuloti nav yo guzashtan ba tekhnologiyai nav in yake az sharoithoi musoid meboshad. Zaruriyati ivaz namudan yo yagon chizro omoda sokhtan lozim nabuda boyad bo oyanda mashgul shud.
- Maydoni 8T-«quvva-tahdidho». Omilhoi sharoiti innovatsionie, ki tarafhoi purquvvatu tavonmandii innovatsiyaro mahdud menamoyad ba qayd girand.
- Maydoni ^T- «susti-tahdid» in badtarin yakjoyakuni baroi firma meboshad. Az hama muhim diqqatro ba on jalb namudan ast va past namudani tahdid tanho bo rohi digargunsozii qatii holati tashkilot surat megirad.
- Maydoni ^O- «susti-imkoniyat». Dar in holat ba rohbariyat muhiti beruna mushkiliero ba vujud nameorad, binobar in chorahoi peshtar andeshidashudaro oidi purquvvat namudani tavonmandsozii innovatsionii tashkilot boyad ijro gardand.
Hisobu tahlili mavqei innovatsioni imkon medihad, ki asosnokii strategii tashkilot (yo loihai innovatsioni oidi baland bardoshtani raqobatpazirii tashkilot) baland bardoshta shavad.
