Namozu ruza dar mintasahoi sutby

SHabu ruz dar khatti istivo (ekvator) hamesha barobar meboshand
va harchi fosilai jaygirshavii mintakaho dar paralleli jugrofiyoy
az khatti istivo durtar megardad, darozu kutohshavii shabu ruz dar
natijai tamoyuli nimkurahoi shimoly va janubii zamin dar baroba-
ri oftob, ki dar asnoi gardishi solonai on ba vuchud meoyad, beshtar
meshavad va dar darajahoi balandi arzi jugrofiyoy, ki az 66 daraja
bolotarro dar bar megirand, shabu ruzi kutby ba vuchud meoyad. Ba in
mano, ki dar bahoru tobiston ba muddati chand moh dar kutbi shimol
va atrofi on ruzi kutby hukmfarmo megardad va oftob gurub nameku-
nad va dar hamin vaqt dar kutbi janub va atrofi on ba muddati chand
moh shabi kutby ast. Dar faslhoi tiramoh va zimiston boshad, bar-
aks, ba muddati chand moh dar kutbi janub ruz ast, dar hole ki dar
kutbi shimol va atrofi on shabi kutby hukmfarmost. 
Dar mintakahoi kutby va atrofi on shabu ruzi mukarrary va si-
stemai vakt dar kurai zamin, ki hududi bistu chahor soatro tashkil
medihad, ba surati digare tagyir yofta, sol az sesadu shastu shash sha-
bonaruz takriban ba chand shabonaruz tabdil meshavad. Dar mintaka-
hoi poyontar az paralleli 45, ki chahor iklimi chugrofy: istivoy (ek-
vatory), nazdiistivoy (subekvatory), madory (tropiky) va nazdimado-
ry (subtropiky)-ro dar bar megirad, nizomi mukarrarii shabu ruz
hukmfarmost, harchand digargunshavii shabu ruz dar khatti paralleli
45 va atrofi on nisbat ba khatti istivo khele fark dorad.
Darajahoi arzie, ki bolotar az paralleli 45 joygir shudaand va
digargunshavii shabu ruz dar onho az had ziyod ast, ba se mintakai za-
mony taksimbandy shudaand:
a) Mintakae, ki dar har du nimkurai shimoly va januby dar miyo-
nai khatti arzi 45 va 48 voke shudaast. In mintaka iklimi nisbatan
mutadiltarero, ki dar bayni akolimi subtropiky va iklimhoi naz-
diartiky (subartiky) va nazdiantartiky (subantartiky) dar shimol
va chanub joygir shudaast, faro girifta, nishonahoi zohirii astrono-
my (falaky) baroi shinokhtani vakt dar on dar tuli bistu chaahor soat
ba khuby dida meshavand, harchand hajmi digargunshavii shabu ruz dar
on ba haddi balande rasida boshad.
b) Mintakae, ki dar miyonai khatti arzi 48 va 66 voke shudaast. In
mintaka mintakai boloii iklimi mutadil va iklimhoi subartiky
va subantartikiro dar bar girifta, dar on baze nishonahoi astrono-
my (falaky) baroi shinokhti vakt ba muddathoi muayyane az bayn mera-
vand, ba monandi shafaki shom, ki to damidani subh boky memonad va
bo falak (sapeda)-i subh payvast meshavad.
v) Mintakae, ki dar miyonai khatti arzi 66 va 90 voke shuda, to
manotiki kutbiro faro megirad va nishonahoi astronomy baroi shi-
nokhti vakt dar on ba muddati daroze az bayn meravand, yane ba mudda-
ti chandin moh dar on yo shab hukmfarmost yo ruz. Az okhirhoi mohi mart
ruzho dar kutbi shimol benihoyat daroz gardida, az okhirhoi mohi ap-
rel to avvalhoi mohi avgust digar oftob gurub namekunad. Pas az on
oftob kam-kam furu rafta, shabho mushohida meshavand va hamin tavr
shabho andak-andak daroz va ruzho kutoh meshavand, to on ki dar mohi
oktyabr oftob komilan oib meshavad va ba muddati chand mohi digar
shabi payvasta dar on jo hukmfarmo megardad. Az ibtidoi mohi fev-
ral boz oftob kam-kam tulu menamoyad va ruzho andak-andak daroz va
shabho kutoh meshavand. Dar kutbi janub niz aynan hamin jarayoni di-
gargunshavii shabu ruz surat megirad. Vakte dar kutbi shimol shab
boshad, dar on jo ruz ast.
Dar chunin holat hatman baroi sokinoni musalmoni in mintaka-
ho dar barguzorii namozhoi panjvakta, doshtani ruzai mohi Ramazon
va digar munosibatkhoi diny, ki bar poyai solshumorii kamary bino
yoftaand, mushkili vakt pesh meoyad.
In masala imruz pas az farokham omadani sharoit va imkonoti
shinosoy bo tamomi gushavu kanori zamin ba tavri chidditare matrakh
gardida boshad kham, dar machmuai fikhi islomy muddatkho kabl ba on
ishora shudaast. Donishmandon va poyaguzoroni machmuai fikhi islo-
my ba darozii shabu ruz dar mintakakhoi doroi darachakhoi balandi ar-
zi chugrofiyoy, yane mintakakhoi kutby va atrofi on va chigunagii
namozu ruzai sokinoni on choykho khele barvakt pardokhtaand.
Nazari rochekh va kavli mutamad dar mazkhab bar asosi takhkikote,
ki Kamol ibni Humom dar «Fatkhu-l-kadir» dar in mavrid anchom do-
da va Ibni Obidin dar «Raddu-l-mukhtor», Zaylay dar «Tabyinu-l-
khakoik», sokhibi «Durru-l-mukhtor» va digaron onro tayid namuda-
and, on ast, ki sokinoni in mintakakho baroi anchomi namozu ruza va
digar munosibatkhoi dinii khud boyad vaktro ba andozai shabonaruzi
mukarrary barshumorand, ba in tarik, ki khar bistu chakhor soatro yak
shabonaruz donista, namoz, vaktkhoi ibodatkho va digar munosibatkhoi
dinii khudro bar asosi soat muayyan namoyand.
Machlisi Machmai fikkhi islomy niz dar nishasti nukhumi khud dar
shakhri Makkai mukarrama, ki dar tarikhi 12-19 mokhi rachabi soli
1406 h. barguzor gardid, masalai vaqti namozu ruza baroi sokinoni
mintakakhoi voke dar khatti balandi arzi chugrofiyoiro mavridi bar-
rasy karor doda, karori zerinro ba tasvib rasond:
1. Sokinoni mintaqai yakum, ki dar miyonai arzi chugrofiyoii 45 va
48 voke shudaast, bo amal ba nususi shary dar borai vakti namozu
ruza in du farizaro dar vaktkhoi mukarrariashon ba choy ovarand va
ruzaro az damidani subkhi sodik to furu raftani oftob bidorand.
Kase ba sababi darozii ruzkho az giriftan va yo ba itmom rasonidani
ruza ochiz monad, onro bikhurad va dar vakti munosibe kazoi onro ba
choy ovarad.
2. Sokinoni mintaqai duyum, ki dar miyonai khatti arzi 48 va 66
voke shudaast, baroi barguzorii namozi khuftan va bomdod bo qiyosi
nisby ba vakti onkho dar shabi nazdiktarin mintaqae, ki dar on nisho-
nakhoi vakti in du namoz shinokhta meshavand, vaktero muayyan namoyand. 
Majlisi Majma khatti arzi 45-ro ba etibori nazdiktarin mintaka
baroi in amr peshnihod mekunad. Masalan, agar vakti namozi khuftan
dar khatti arzi 45 pas az guzashti seyaki shab sar shavad, pas sokinoni
mintakai duyum niz vakti namozi khuftanashonro ba on kiyos namoyand.
3. Dar mintakai seyum, ki bolotar az khatti arzi 66 to kutbho vo-
ke gardidaast, tamomi vaqtho bo kiyos ba vakthoi zamonie, ki dar
khatti arzi 45 vuchud dorand, mukoisa va muayyan karda shavand, ba in
tarik, ki dar mintakai miyonai khatti 66 to kutbho har bistu chahor so-
at yak shabonaruz etibor karda shavad va namozho dar on dar hamon
vakthoe, ki (dar on fasli sol) dar mintakai khatti 45 vuchud dorad, ba
joy ovarda shavand.
Agar darozii shab (dar on fasl) dar mintakai khatti arzi 45 sht
soatro tashkil dihad va oftob dar soati sht gurub namoyad va soati
yozdah vakti namozi khuftan shavad, dar mintakahoi bolotar az khatti
arzi 66 niz ba hamin surat ba joy ovarda shavad. Agar subkh, dar khatti
arzi 45 dar soati du bidamad, dar mintakai bolotar az khatti arzi 66
niz ruzai khudro az hamon soati du sar kunand va onro to vakti gurub
ba itmom rasonand.
Dar in bora dar bayni fakehon nazari digare niz vuchud dorad, ki
mukoisa va muayyan kardani vakti ibodatho va digar munosibathoi
diniro dar khatti arzi balandi jugrofi bo vakthoi onho dar sarzami-
ni Makka va Madina joiz medonad.
In amr bo kiyosi masala ba andozagirii zamonie, ki dar hadisi
Rasuli Hudo (s) maruf ba hadisi Dajjol omadaast, surat giriftaast.
Rivoyat shudaast, ki: «Rasuli Hudo (s) dar borai Dassol sukhan guft.
Pursidem: Ey Rasuli Hudo (s), dar rui zamin chi qadar boqi memonad?
Guftg: CHihil ruz: ruze ba mgitslgi sole, ruze ba mgitslgi myukh؛e١؛ ruze ba mgitslgi
haftae va digar ruzhoyash ba monandi ruzhoi shumo hastand. Pursidem:
Ey Rasuli Hudo (s), oyo on ruze, ki ba mgigslgi sol 01ST1, dar on N1amyu؛٦kh؛oi yak
shabonaruz myur>o kifoya mekunad? Farmub: Ne, (balki) baroi on andozagi-
ri va vakt muayyan namoed…». (Sahehi Muslim, 7299 (2937)-110).
Lozim ba yodovarist, ki dar davrahoi gardishi shab ba ruz va ruz
ba shab, ki dar mintakai khatti arzi bolotar az 66 hududi se moh va yo
beshtar az on va dar mintakahoi boz ham durtar, ki ba kutbho muntakhi
meshavand, hududi du moh va yo beshtar az on ast va dar bahor az okhir-
hoi mokhi fevral to mokhi aprel va dar tiramoh az mokhi avgust to oktya-
br idoma meyoband, pas az ustuvor gardidani nizomi shabu ruzi mukar-
rari namozho dar vakthoi muayyani khud guzorida meshavand va ruzai
mokhi Ramazon niz ba tavri mamuli ba joy ovarda meshavad.