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Nishondihandahoi faoliyati innovatsionii tashkilot

Dar solhoi 80-90-umi asri XX bo nazardoshti tagyirothoi bozori, omori innovatsioni ogoz meyobad. Nizomi nishondihandahoi omori, ki faoliyati innovatsionii tashkilothoi sanoatiro nishon medihad az 10 qism iborat meboshad. Omori innovatsioni, ki ba talabothoi yagonai baynalkhalqi asos yoftaast az soli 1989 shuru meshavad.

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Korshinosoni Tashkiloti hamkorii iqtisodi va rushd yak zumra dasturamalhoi metodologiro omoda kardaand, ki onho iborat az tavsiyanomaho oidi sanjish va tafsiri malumothoi muvozinai pardokhtho baroi tekhnologiyaho (soli 1990); dasturamal baroi jamovarii malumotho dar borai innovatsiyahoi tekhnologi yo in ki Dasturi Oslo (soli 1992); dastur oidi istifodai malumothoi potenti ba sifati nishondihandahoi ilm va tekhnika (soli 1994); dasturamal baroi muayyan kardani zakhirahoi kadrii ilm va tekhnika (soli 1994); dasturamal oidi muayyan kardani zakhirahoi kadrii ilm va tekhnika, yo in ki dasturamali Kanbera yakjoya bo Evrostat (soli 1995).

Nishondihandahoi faoliyati innovatsioniro az nuqtai nazari ba tavri vase istifodashavandagii onho va bahodihii faoliyati innovatsionii tashkilot, raqobatpazirii innovatsionii onro bahodihanda ba guruhhoi zerin taqsim namudan lozim ast:

  • kharojoti,
  • baze vaqt,
  • aznavsozi,
  • sokhtori.

Nishondihandahoi kharojoti metavonand mutlaq va nisbi boshand:

  • kharojoti nisbi ba korhoi ilmi-tadqiqoti va tajribavi- naqshakashi dar hajmi furushi zarfiyati ilmii mahsuli firmaro nishon medihad;
  • kharojoti nisbi baroi giriftani ijozatnomaho, potentho, kharidani nou-khau;
  • kharojot baroi ba dast ovardani (kharidani) firmahoi innovatsioni;
  • hajmi sodiroti mahsuloti innovatsioni;
  • zarfiyati khizmatrasoni peshnihodshavanda.

Ba nishondihandahoi sokhtori inho taaluq dorand:

  • hayat va shumorai sokhtorhoi tadqiqotkunanda, istehsolkunanda va digar qismhoi sokhtorhoi ilmi-tekhniki (az jumla tajribavi va ozmoishi);
  • hayat va shumorai korkhonahoi mushtarak, ki mashguli istifodai tekhnologiyai nav va ba vujud ovardani mahsuloti nav meboshand;
  • shumora va sokhtori kormandoni ba korhoi ilmi-tadqiqoti va tajribavi-loihakashi mashgulbuda;
  • hayat va shumorai brigadaho va guruhhoi tashabbuskoru ejodkor.

Aksar vaqt dar faoliyati innovatsionii tashkilot nishondihandahoe istifoda meshavand, ki kharojoti nisbii onro ba korhoi ilmi-tadqiqoti va tajribavi-loihakashiro dar hajmi furushi on va shumorai qismhoi ilmi-tekhniki va korgaronro ifoda menamoyand.

Tashkilotho va korkhonahoe, ki faoliyati innovatsioniro tashakkul medihand odatan dar tarkibashon sokhtorhoi puriqtidori ilmi-tadqiqoti, konstruktori, tekhnologi, tajribaviyu ozmoishi va istehsoli dorand. Az in ru dar faoliyati innovatsionii tashkilotu korkhonaho bahodihii faoliyati innovatsioni az du samt iborat ast:

  • bahodihii vazi nerui innovatsioni;
  • bahodihii vazi muhiti innovatsioni.

Bahodihii mumayizii(espertii) vazi nerui innovatsionii korkhona az sanjidani bloki istehsoli (mahsuloti), bloki funksionali, bloki zakhiravi, bloki tashkili va bloki idoravi iborat meboshad.

Bahodihii mumayizii vazi muhiti innovatsioni dar asosi sanjidani darajai innovatsionii makromuhit va bahodihii innovatsionii mikromuhit, yo in ki tahlili mintaqahoi strategii korkhona surat megirad.

Dar firmahoi innovatsionii peshqadami jahon nishondihandai darajai innovatsioni «TAT» khele vase istifoda karda meshavad. In nishondihanda az tarafi mutakhassisoni yaponi peshnihod shudaast va az mafhumhoi amerikoi «(igp-agoipsNete» (dar vaqtash gardonidan). Dar zeri in mafhum vaqt az lahzai darkkunii talabot yo peshnihod ba mahsuloti nav to lahzai ba bozor barovardan, yo in ki istemoli on dar hajmi kalonro fahmidan zarur ast.

Masalan dar firmai Ma18i8I1a baroi televizioni ranga ahamiyati rekordii nishondihandai «TAT», ki ba 4,7 moh barobar bud, khele nazarras meboshad. In nishondihanda afzaliyatnoki va raqobatnokii firmaro dar faoliyati innovatsioni nishon medihad. Az in ru firmahoi peshqadami jahonro bo darajai balandi ilmgunjoishi mahsulotashon, ki bo hissai ziyodi kharojot ba korhoi ilmj va tajribavi-konstruktori dar arzishi mahsuloti furukhtashuda muayyan mekunand.

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