SIYOSATI MUSTAMLIKAVII ROSSIYA DAR OSIYOI MIYONA

Istiloi Rossiya Osiyoi Miyonaro ba mustamlikai bekhukuki Hukumati podshokhi tabdil dod. Siyosati Rossiya dar
Osiyoi Miyona tachovuzkorona va mustamlikavi buda, munosibati mutlakiyat nisbat ba khalkdoi in kishvar
dushmanona bud.
Siyosati mutlakiyati Rossiya dar Osiyoi Miyona ba du markhila chudo meshavad. Markhilai avval az soli 1864 to solhoi 90-um, markhilai duyum az solhoi 90-um to solhoi 1917 davom karda bud.
Dar markhilai avval sarmoyai davlati sohibmustamlika ba iqtisodiyoti Osiyoi Miyona dakholat namekard va ba kharidu furushi mahsulot mashgul bud. Dar davrai duyum dakholati faolonai sarmoyai rus ba iqtisodiyoti Osiyoi Miyona sar shud. Dar in markhila kapitali rus ba taraqqiyoti sohahoi makhsusi khochagii shlok vorid gardida, roli bonkho baland gardid.
Hukumati podshokhi manfiatdor bud, ki munosibathoi kukhni feodali dar in kishvar nigoh doshta shavand. Bo in vosita burjuaziyai rus imkoniyat paydo mekard, ki aholii Osiyoi Miyonaro harchi bisyortar orat kunad. Osiyoi Miyona hamchun manbai ashyoi khom va bozori savdoi baroi kapitalizmi Rossiya khizmat mekard.
Siyosati Hukumati podshokhi nibat ba khalkdoi Osiyoi Miyona ba on ravona karda shuda bud, ki tukhmi har guna davlatdori va istikloliyathoro dar bayni onho nobud sozad, madaniyati onhoro kharob kunad, mardumro dar chaholat nigoh doshta zaboni khalkdoi mahalliro makhdud gardonad. Hukumati podshohi dar siyosati mustamlikavii khud ba amaldoroni khud, feodalon va mansabdoroni mahali takya mekard.
Dar natichai mustamlika shudani Osiyoi Miyona khalkdoi in kishvar ba zulmi dutarafa – istismori feodalon va amaldoroni mahali va mustamlikadoroni rus duchor gardidand. Dar barobari hamrokh shudani Osiyoi Miyona ba Rossiya dar kishvar unsurhoi kapitalisti paydo shudand. Lekin mutlakiyati podshokhi hokimyatro dar dasti khud nigoh doshta, baroi barpo shudani bazai sanoati vaznin dar in cho roh nadod. Korkhonahoi sohai sanoati sabuk, ki ba maqsadi mustamlikavii hukumati podshohi khizmat mekard, bunyod karda meshudand. Dar natichai paydo shudani alomathoi kapitalisti sinfi korgar va ziyoiyoni milli tashakkul yoftand.
Hukumati podshokhi ba ashyoi khom-pakhtai Osiyoi Miyona ekhtiyochmand budand. Az hamin sabab baroi taravdi dodani pakhtakori dar Osiyoi Miyona chorahoi amali dida meshud. Hukumati Rossiya baroi ziyod kardani maydoni kishti pakhta va bekhtar namudani sifati on chorachui mekard. Dar in cho navhoi navi pakhta (pakhtai navi amerikoi) pakhn shud. Agar soli 1884 maydoni kishti pakhtai «Amerikoi» dar Osiyoi Miyona 450 desyatinaro tashkil doda boshad, ongoh dar soli 1887 maydoni kishti in navi pakhta ba 14500 desyatina rasonida shud.
Hukumati podshokhi dar siyosati agrarii khud ba on mekushid, ki tamomi kategoriyai zaminhoro ba manfiati kapitali rus istifoda barad. 12 iyuni soli 1886 doir ba munosibati agrarii Knunnoma kabul karda shud. Zamin molikiyati davlati buda, onro ba tarzi obshinagi va nazdihavligi istifoda burdan mumkin bud. Haridu furushi zamin niz choy dosht. Andozai zaminhoi mulki va vaqf kam karda shuda, az onkho andoz girifta meshud. Ba foidai Hazina mikdori ziyodi zaminho musodira karda shudaand.
Zaminhoi bodiyanishinon niz davlati elonshuda, ba khudi onho baroi istifodabarii obshinagi doda meshud. Hamin tariq, qonunnomai 12 inyuni soli 1886 dar masalai istifodabarii zamin dar Turkiston ba shaklhoi zamindorii bad az islohotii soli 1861 Rossiya nazdik karda shud.
Usuli navi istifodabarii zamin, binobar kharakteri chuzi doshtanash, munosibathoi feodaliro dar Turkiston barham nadod. Garchande, sokhti mustamlikavi ba tashakkuli sinfi burjuaziyai dehot mone shuda boshad ham, bo vuchudi in, ba tabaqaho chudoshavii aholii kishlok sar shud. Dar naticha az zamin mahrum gashtani dekhdonon safi mardikoron va korgaroni kiroya meafzud.
Dar siyosati agrarii khukumati podshokhi ba muhochir kardani dekhdononi rus ba Osiyoi Miyona divdati makhsus doda meshud. Hukumati podshokhi siyosati mochirkunii dekhdononi rusro ba Osiyoi Miyona bo du maqsad pesh girift. Avvalan, elementhoe, ki az siyosati mutlakiyat norozi budand, onhoro ba nohiyahoi durdasti Osiyoi Miyona muhochir namuda, ba in vosita norozigii dokhiliro bartaraf mekardand. Az tarafi digar, khukumati podshokhi dar shakhsiyati dekhdononi muhochirshudai rus dar Turkiston takyagokhi boetimodro paydo karda metavonist. Muhochirshudagon az jihati hayati khud gunoguntabaqa budand. Dar Turkiston mahallahoi rusnishin tashkil karda shud, ki in tabaqai kulakkhoi rus baroi ba amal barovardani siyosati agrarii khud ba mutlakiyati podshohi takya mekard.
Ba siyosati irtichoii mustamlikavii mutlakiyati rus dar masalai muhochirkuni nigoh nakarda, siyosati
muhochirkunii dekhdononi rus baroi Turkiston okibathoi musbi niz dosht. Dar natichai omadani dekhdononi rus dar khochagii qishloki Osiyoi Miyona shaklhoi nisbatan peshqadami ziroatchigi az olothoi bekhtarini ziroatkori chori shudand. Az solhoi 70-umi asri XIX dar Osiyoi Miyona kishti kartoshka, karam va digar namudi ziroatho ba roh monda shudand.