SHOHIN

SHamsiddin – makhdumi SHokhin soli 1859 dar Bukhoro dar oilai mulloi kambagal tavallud shudaast. Padari u Mulloamon aslan az Hatlonzamin (Kulobi khozira) buda, dar vakti chavoni baroi takhsili ilm avval ba Samarqand va bad ba Bukhoro rafta, dar madrasa takhsil namudaast. Badi khatmi madrasa khonador shuda, chand vakte dar yake az madrasakhoi Bukhoro dars kham guftaast.
SHokhin malumoti ibtidoiro dar maktabi dukhtaron – nazdi bibikhalifa megirad. Vay khanuz az bachagi dar khondanu navishtan qobiliyati favkulloda dosht. CHunon ki khudash dertar khikoyat mekunad, dar khamin maktab, takhminan dar khasht – nukhsolagiash ba sher guftan shuru namuda budaast.
Bad az khatmi maktab padari SHokhin khati zeboi pisarashro dida, uro ba mirzoi shogird memonad. SHokhin dar du – se sol tarzi khatnavisiro khele khub yod megirad va takhminan dar sini 14-15 solagi ba madrasa dokhil meshavad.
SHokhin nisbat ba khamsabakonash kobiliyati baland dosht, ammo az chikhati moddi tamin nabud. Padari pirash az ukhdai taminoti oila ba zur mebaromad. Az in sabab SHokhin bo khati zebo nuskhakhoi kitobi nodir va bayozkhoro nuskhabardori karda, yak nav ruz meguzaronid va ba oilai qashshoqash niz yori merasonid.
SHokhin bad az khatmi madrasa ba khud kori munosib yofta natavonista, chand vaqt dar maschidkho imomati mekard. Ammo in kasb ba tabi SHokhin muvofikh naomad. Vay dar yak qasidaash in akhvoli noguvorashro bo khazlu mutoyaba khele nagz tasvir kardaast:
Sokhibo, gar nakunad arzi man echobi malol, Az imomat qadre sharkh dikham surati khol.
Haftae nest, ki andar pai nasha naravam,
To sari pushta zi maschid manu qavm az dunbol,
Az sari kucha gar ovozi muazzin oyad,
Ba umedi khabari murda kunam istiqbol.
Gah zanad khanda ba man khodimu gah kadbonu,
Gah nihad tana ba man sufiyu gah oqsakkol,
Nest sure, ki dar u man naravam chun luli ,
Nest suge, ki dar on man naravam chun gassol.
Takhminan dar soli 1885 Abdulkodir nom parvonachii darbori amir (parvonachi misli sardori idorai korguzori bud) SHohinro az chihati moddi tamin menamud.
SHohin vazifai mirzoiro ado mekard va bo khohishi parvonachi dar madhi amir Abdulahad yakchand kasida guft. Parvonachi ba in vosita etibori SHohinro dar peshi amir baland namud.
Dar andak muddate SHohin dar darbor va hatto dar nazdi amir obruyu etibori kalone paydo kard. SHakhsoni chohili darbor az etiboru nufuzi SHohin hasad meburdand va uro ba amir nazdik shudan namonand. Dar in miyon parvonachi az tarafi amir hokimi SHerobod tain gardid va az Bukhoro raft. Dushmanon SHohinro tanho dida, dar atrofi vay fitnavu sukhanchini sar kardand. SHohin dar hamin vaqt ba khubi did, ki dar atrofii amir chi guna kasoni chohili purgaraz cham omada, ba mansabu rutbahoi davlati rasidaand.
Parvonachi Abdulqodir, ki SHohinro misli farzand dust medosht ba vay dukhtarashro nikoh karda dod, to ki mardum domodi hokimi SHerobod budani SHohinro fahmida, az vay dast kashand. Dar voqe ham in nikoh SHohinro to andozae az hujumi raqibonash emin dosht. Az tarafi digar, amir Abdulahad, ki khudro sherdust nishon medod, SHohinro ba suhbathoi khud davat mekardagi shud. Amir SHohinro vaktu bevaqt ba machlisu bazmhoyash davat mekard ba khohishu tabi shoir nigoh nakarda, uro ba safarho girifta meburd.
SHohin chunon bo in taku davho band bud, ki hatto ba oilai khud nigahboni karda nametavonist. Dar bayn zani chavoni u farzand tavallud kardu haftae naguzashta vafot kard. Vafoti nogahonii zanash baroi SHohin yak fochiai kalone bud. SHohin dar ayni suzu gudozi firoki hamsari mahbubash ba khotirai u dar zarfi chor hafta dostoni «Layli va Machnun» – ro navisht.
SHohin khost, ki misli shoironi peshtara, baroi amir asare talif namoyad va dar on rohu ravishi hukmfarmoiro nishon dihad. Bo in maqsad u dar raviyai «Buston» – i Sady «Tuhfai duston» nom asari manzume talif namud.
Malum ast, ki Sady «Buston»- ro ba khukmroni zamonash bakhshida, dar on dar borai akhloku odobi mamlakat va raiyatdori fikrhoi khudro bayon namuda bud. SHokhin niz aynan bo hamin roh pandu nasihat menamoyad, ammo in chasorati shoiri chavon ba amir makul nashud. Amir Abdulahad dar gazab shuda, az SHohin intiqom giriftani shuda, SHohinro machbur kard, ki dar haqi u sheru qasidaho navisad. Ilova bar in, vay shoirro dar safarhoi durodur meburd va uro asbobi dilkhushii khud gardonda bud. Dar haqi SHohin tahkiri buzurge bud va amir inro intiqomi sakhttarin hisob mekard.
Soli 1890 SHohin bo «Navodir-ul-vaqoe»-i Ahmadi Donish shinos shud va tamomi illathoi bedarmoni chamiyati on vaktro boz ham khubtar fahmid. Vay niz ba akidae omad, ki bo vazu nasihat va islohoti chuzi ahvoli mamlakat va tartibi davlatro behtar namudan mumkin nest, zero amir va atrofiyoni u ba darachae chohilu befahmand, ki ba kabuli chunin maslihatho kodir nestand.
«Olloh – olloh, dunyo,- navishtaast dar in vaqt SHohin,- turfa tamoshogohe shuda, afsus, ki didai bino va dili ogoh nest, to on chi dida binad, ba dil guzorad, ba safha nigorad… Ilm chun alam (parcham) ba sari mazorho hufta; az har ki az ayni (mohiyati) on istifor (pursish) rafta, «lam» (namedonam) gufta.»
SHohin dar in solho risolai mashhurash «Badoe-us- sanoe» -ro echod namud. Dar in risola bo kinoyavu ramzhoi pushida nuqsonhoi ichtimoii zamonash, razolat va pastmoyagii arbobi davlat va khudi amirro fosh mekunad. Dar ayyomi pironsoli mefahmad, ki vay umri chavoni khudro dar madhi amir va mukarraboni u behuda sarf kardaast. Vay dar yak masnavie, ki dar okhirhoi umrash navishta bud, onro chunin ba qalam dodaast:
Du – se ruz chu yori ehson shudam, Saroyandai madhi dunon shudam. Biburdam ba oroishi nazm ranj, V – az on kardam ofokro pur zi ganj. Harero Maseho nasab rondame, Suroro surayyo laqab khondame. Sagero, ki joma darida ba dev, Farishta az u dargirift girev, CHunon barzadam sirati mardumi, Ki gui nazoda juz u odami.
Dar solhoi navadum salomatii SHohin khele bad shuda bud. Vay ba kasalii sil giriftor gardid. Ammo amir uro dar safarho hamroh girifta megasht. Vaqte dar safari Qarshi SHokhin kasal shud, amir uro kasdan ba Bukhoro nafiristod. Nihoyat SHohin soli 1894 dar Qarshi vafot kard va uro dar on cho ba khok supurdand.