- Tanzimi millii rushdi bozori innovatsiyaho
- Tajribai tanzimi davlatii bozori innovatsiyaho
- Siyosati davlatii ilmi-tekhniki va tekhnologiyahoi peshqadam hamchun omili rushdi bozori innovatsiyaho
- Tanzimi millii bozori innovatsiyaho
Imruzho dar Jumhurii Tojikiston barnomai rushdi innovatsioni amal mekunad, ki gayr az maqsadhoi asosii guzoshtashuda, hadaf va samthoi muayyankardashuda, tanzimi rushdi bozori innovatsiyahoi milliro niz farogiranda ast. Dar in zamina Nizomi millii innovatsionie sozmon doda meshavad, ki on sharoitro baroi tatbiqi samarabakhshi dastovardhoi ilmiyu tekhniki va tekhnologi, baland bardoshtani raqobatpazirii tekhnologiyaho va mahsuloti innovatsioni, istifodai oqilonai zakhirahoi tabii, mahsuloti khom va sarmoyaguzori, muvaffaq shudan ba amniyati iqtisodi, energetiki, ozuqavori va ekologi, tashakkuli iqtisodiyoti innovatsioni, afzoishi nekuahvoli va baland bardoshtani sathi zindagii aholi tamin menamoyad.
Tatbiqi Barnoma dar du marhila peshbini gardidaast:
- marhilai yakum (2011-2014) – marhilai omodasoziyu tashkili;
- marhilai duyum (2015-2020) – marhilai rushdi innovatsioni.
Dar nazar doshta shudaast, ki dar marhilai yakum zaminai zaruri baroi ba roh mondani faoliyati innovatsioni omoda karda meshavad: sanadhoi qonunguzori va meyorii huquqihamchun asosi faoliyati innovatsioni tahiya va qabul karda meshavand; chorahoi iqtisodi va tashkili oid ba dastgirii faoliyati innovatsioni qabul karda meshavand; korho oid ba tasisi infrasokhtori innovatsioni anjom dodameshavand; zamina baroi rushdi minbadai on guzoshta meshavad, nizomi tayyor kardani mutakhassison dar sohai innovatsiya tashakkul doda meshavad, hamchunin yak qator chorabinihoi digar amali karda meshavand.
Marhilai yakumi tatbiqi Barnoma bo tasisi juzhoi zarurii sokhtori Nizomi millii innovatsioni anjom meyobad. Nizomi millii innovatsioni az majmui juzhoi qonunguzori, sokhtori, tashkili va funksionalie iborat khohad bud, ki rushdi faoliyati innovatsioniro dar Jumhurii Tojikiston tamin mekunand.
Nizomi millii innovatsioni sayu kushishi maqomoti davlatii idorakunii hamai sathho, tashkilothoi sohai ilmiyu tekhniki, muassisahoi tahsiloti oli va bakhshi sohibkorii iqtisodiyotro, ki ba takmili mekhanizmhoi hamkorihoi bayni ishtirokchiyoni ravandhoi innovatsioni, istifodai samaranoki dastovardhoi ilm va tekhnologiyaho baroi tatbiqi afzaliyathoi millii strategii mamlakat ravona karda shudaand, muttahid menamoyad.
Dar marhilai duyumi Barnoma dar zaminai Nizomi millii innovatsionii tasisdodashuda boyad korhoi ziyode doir ba amalisozii Barnoma anjom doda shavand, to har sol dar iqtisodiyoti kishvar juzi innovatsioni bemaylon inkishof yobad. Dar rafti tatbiqi Barnoma oid ba takmili minbadai Nizomi millii innovatsioni bo darnazardoshti dastovardhoi ilmi jahoni, tekhnologiyahoi peshqadam va tajribai tashkili faoliyati innovatsioni chi dar mamlakati mo va chi dar khoriji on tadbirho andeshida meshavand.
YAke az samthoi asosii tatbiqi Barnoma, in in tadbirhoe, ki jihati noilshavi ba maqsad va halli vazifahoi Barnoma nigaronida shudaand. Tahiyai sanadhoi qonunguzori va meyorii huquqie, ki baroi faoliyati innovatsioni dar Jumhurii Tojikiston zamina faroham meovarand.
YAke az vazifahoi asosii davlat dar samti siyosati innovatsioni tashakkuli zaminai meyorii huquqii faoliyati innovatsioni meboshad.
Dar Jumhurii Tojikiston dar solhoi nazdik zarur ast to dar ejodi zaminai huquqii guzarish bo rohi ba ijtimoiyot nigaronidashudai rushdi innovatsioni, ki asosi onro boyad prinsip va standarthoi etirofshudai tanzimi qonunguzorii faoliyati innovatsioni tashkil dihand, boyad korhoi ziyode anjom doda shavad.
Dar marhilai yakumi tatbiqi Barnoma (marhilai omodagiri va tashkili, solhoi 2011-2014) zarur meoyad, ki asosi tanzimi qonunguzorii faoliyati innovatsioni dar jumhuri guzoshta shavad. Hamin tariq, soli 2012-um dar Jumhurii Tojikiston qonun «Dar borai faoliyati innovatsioni» qabul gardid, ki bobi 4-umi on tanzimi davlatii faoliyati innovatsionii milliro farogir ast.
SHaklhoi tanzimi davlatii faoliyati innovatsioni dar Tojikiston chunin ast:
- Maqomoti davlati shaklhoi zerini tanzimi faoliyati innovatsioniro istifoda menamoyand:
- muayyan namudani afzaliyathoi rushdi innovatsiya;
- tahiya, tatbiq va mablagguzorii barnomahoi maqsadnoki innovatsioni va digar barnomaho, az jumla dar samti havasmandgardonii rushdi faoliyat va infrasokhtori innovatsioni;
- peshbinii mablaghoi bujeti baroi mablagguzorii loihahoi innovatsioni, korhoi ilmiyu tahqiqoti, tajribaviyu konstruktori va tekhnologi doir ba samarabakhshii natijahoi faoliyati innovatsioni, joygironii farmoishho ba tahvili mol, ijroi korho, khizmatrasoniho baroi ehtiyojoti davlati va mahalli bo tartibi muqarrarnamudai qonunguzorii Jumhurii Tojikiston;
- joygir namudani farmoishi davlati baroi kharidi mahsuloti dar natijai faoliyati innovatsioni istehsolshuda dar doirai barnomahoe, ki mutobiqi siyosati davlatii innovatsioni tasdiq shudaand;
- tasisi fondhoi innovatsioni va venchuri, sarmoyaguzorii tasis va rushdi digar subekthoi faoliyati innovatsioni, sahmguzori, az jumla jalbi sarmoyai khoriji bo maqsadi tasisi subekthoi faoliyati innovatsioni, ki baroi rushdi ravandhoi innovatsioni muhimand;
- andeshidani chorahoi zaruri oid ba targibi faoliyati ilmiyu tekhniki dar vositahoi akhbori omma va baland bardoshtani sathi jalbi sarmoya ba faoliyati innovatsioni.
Tanzimi davlatii faoliyati innovatsioni az jonibi maqomoti davlati metavonad mutobiqi qonunguzorii Jumhurii Tojikiston bo istifodai digar shaklho amali gardad. YAke az mekhanizmhoi asosii tanzimi davlatii innovatsiyaho in dastgirii davlati ba shumor meravad. Dastgirii davlatii faoliyati innovatsionidar jumhuri az jonibi maqomoti davlati dar shaklhoi zerin amali megardad:
- mablagguzorii korhoi ilmiyu tahqiqoti, tajribaviyu konstruktori va tekhnologi baroi ba vujud ovardani mahsuloti nav yo takmildodashuda, tekhnologiyai nav yo takmildodashuda, ki baroi istifodabarii amali tain shudaand;
- ba subekthoi faoliyati innovatsioni baroi ikhtiyordori yo istifodabari peshnihod namudani molu mulki davlati, natijahoi faoliyati zehni va vositahoi fardikunonidashudai ba onho barobar;
- muqarrar namudani imtiyozho mutobiqi qonunguzorii Jumhurii Tojikiston;
- musoidat ba rushdi korkhonaho, muassisaho va digar tashkilothoe, ki ba faoliyati innovatsioni mashguland;
- dastgirii istehsoliyu tekhnologii subekthoi faoliyati innovatsioni;
- rasonidani khizmathoi makhsusgardonidashuda va mashvarati;
- mablagguzorii korho oid ba tayyor namudan va baland bardoshtani darajai takhassusii mutakhassison dar sohai faoliyati innovatsioni;
- faroham ovardani sharoiti zarurii tashkili, huquqi va iqtisodi, ki sarmoyaguzoriro baroi tatbiqi siyosati davlatii innovatsioni tamin menamoyad;
- tashakkuli infrasokhtori innovatsionii ilm, istehsolot va khizmatrasoni;
- ishtirok dar tashkili istehsoloti raqobatpazir; – tamini bozori kafolatnoki furushi mahsuloti innovatsioni dar asosi farmoishi davlati;
- peshbarii innovatsiyahoi vatani ba bozori khoriji;
- digar shaklhoi dastgirii davlatii faoliyati innovatsioni, ki qonunguzorii Jumhurii Tojikiston man nakardaast.
Dastgirii davlatii faoliyati innovatsioni dar muhlati talofiyati loihai innovatsioni, vale na ziyoda az panj soli badi tatbiqi amalii on tamin karda meshavad.Dastgirii davlatii azkhudkuni va pahnkunii mahsuloti innovatsioni dar davrai muqarrarshuda peshnihod gardida, dar in muhlat on mahsuloti innovatsioni hisobida meshavad.
Faoliyati innovatsioni az hisobi mablaghoi bujeti davlati, mablaghoi korkhonaho, muassisaho, digar tashkilotho, grantho va digar manbahoe, ki qonunguzorii Jumhurii Tojikiston man nakardaast, mablagguzori karda meshavad.
Ba vakolathoi maqomoti ijroiyai mahallii Hokimiyati davlati dar sohai faoliyati innovatsioni dokhil meshavand:
- dar asosi strategiyai rushdi innovatsioni va barnomahoi maqsadnoki innovatsioni tahiya namudani barnomahoi maqsadnoki innovatsionii mahal va peshnihod namudani onho ba barrasii Majlisi vakiloni khalqi dakhldor;
- ba subekthoi faoliyati innovatsioni dar muvofiqa bo maqomi vakolatdor baroi ikhtiyordori yo istifodabari peshnihod namudani molu mulki davlati, dastovardhoi faoliyati zehni va vositahoi fardikunonidashudai ba onho barobar mutobiqi qonunguzorii Jumhurii Tojikiston;
- amali namudani vakolathoi digar dar sohai faoliyati innovatsioni bo tartibi muqarrarnamudai qonunguzorii Jumhurii Tojikiston.
Boyad chunin sanadhoi qonunguzorie tahiya va qabul karda shavand, ki tamomi majmui tanzima (regulyator)-hoi iqtisodii faoliyati innovatsioni, az jumla tanzimahoi moliyavi, ziddiinhisori, andozi, gumruki va gayraro faro girad. Qonunguzori boyad sharoiti zarurii huquqiro baroi istifodai natijahoi tahqiqot va korkardhoi ilmi daristehsolot, tahiyai tadbirho oid ba dastgirii davlatii sohibkorii khurdi innovatsioni, ba gardishi iqtisodi (khojagi) jalb namudani obekthoi molikiyati zehni va natijahoi digari faoliyati ilmi va ilmiyu tekhniki, tanzimi sharoiti tijoratikunonii tekhnologiyahoi korkardshavanda, muqarrar va tatbiq namudani meyorhoi muayyankunii mahsulot va khizmatrasonii innovatsioni, himoyai huquqhoi molikiyati zehni tamin namoyad.
Hamchunin, tahiyai zaminai meyorii tasis va tatbiqi nizomi fondhoi bujeti va gayribujeti dar sohai innovatsiya lozim meoyad.
Qabuli hujjathoi meyorii huquqi oid ba peshnihodi imtiyozhoi andozi ba istehsolkunandagoni mahsuloti innovatsioni ba Kodeksi andozi Jumhurii Tojikiston vorid namudani ilovahoi dakhldorro taqozo mekunad. Hamchunin zarur ast, ki hujjati meyorii huquqi oid ba kam kardani pardokhthoi gumruki baroi az khoriji kishvar vorid namudani tajhizoti makhsusi ilmi va istehsolivu tekhnologie, ki shabeh (analog)-hoi vatani nadorand, tahiya va qabul karda shavad.
Ba maqsadi taminoti qonunguzorijihati hamkorihoi Jumhurii Tojikiston dar samti faoliyati innovatsioni bo davlathoi azoi IDM qabuli sanadi makhsusi qonunguzori zarur ast, ki on baroi ba tartib darovardani munosibatho dar in samt, muvofiqasozii maqsadu vazifahoe, ki ba siyosati innovatsioni va tanzimi davlatii faoliyati innovatsioni ravona shudaand, imkon dihad. Dar in hujjat boyad ravishhoi makhsusi ba vujud ovardani mekhanizmhoi mushakhkhasi havasmandgardonii rushdi innovatsioni mutobiq ba manfiathoi milli inikos karda shavand. CHunin sanadi qonunguzori, ki ba mutadilgardonii meyorhoi qonunguzori dar sohai faoliyati innovatsioni imkon medihad va tamomi jihathoi rushdiinnovatsioniro dar davlathoi azoi IDM faro megirad, metavonad Kodeksi innovatsionii Jumhurii Tojikiston boshad. Qabuli Kodeksi innovatsioniro dar har yake az davlathoi azoi IDM Assambleyai bayniparlumonii davlathoi azoi IDM tavsiya namudaast.
Faoliyati innovatsioni ba takmili doimii zaminai meyorii huquqii tanzimkunandai in soha ehtiyoj dorad. Dar marhilai duyumi tatbiqi Barnoma (marhilai rushdi innovatsioni, solhoi 2015-2020) sanadhoi navi qonunguzori tahiya gardida, ba qonunguzori tagyiru ilovahoe vorid karda meshavand, ki ba tanzimi ravandhoi innovatsioni dar iqtisodiyot bo darnazardoshti tajribai amali nizomi meyorii huquqi dar Jumhurii Tojikiston, tahlili tajriba va ananahoi rushdi qonunguzoriho dar sohai faoliyati innovatsioni dar mamlakathoi mutaraqqii iqtisodi nigaronida shudaand.