Toj.su
Hususiyatho va farqiyathoi nazarrasi menejmenti innovatsioniro az rui maqsad, tarkib va sokhtori faoliyati innovatsioni muayyan kardan mumkin ast. Maqsadi taraqqiyoti innovatsioni dar hama zinahoi idorakunii iqtisodiyot darajahoi gunogun (az sathi davlati sar karda to korkhonahoi khurdi innovatsioni) in tashkili zaminai innovatsioni baroi rushdi iqtisodii darozmuddat va tamin afzoliyathoi raqobat meboshad.
Az nazariyai raqobat chunin barmeoyad, ki mahz neru va iqtidori innovatsionii taraqqiyot va tatbiqi tekhnologiyai nav metavonad ba bunyodi tashakkulyobii afzaliyathoi raqobati, zamina guzorad.
Darmenejmenti innovatsioni tarzi ifodai aksari nishondihandahoi ananavi tagyir meyoband. Beshtar ba maslahoi istehsoli haddalimkon ziyodi mahsulote diqqat doda meshavad, ki darasosi ikhtirootu navovariho ba vujud omada, faoliyati ustuvori korkhonahoro dar bozor tamin mekunad. Navsozii har guna obekti iqtisodI vasesozii imkoniyathoi afzungardonii foida, voridshavI ba sohahoi nav va azkhudkunii bozorhoi navro ifoda menamoyad.
Baze tahlilho shahodat medihand, ki novobasta az on, ki % korkhonaho ba muflisshavI nazdikand faoliyati onho dar solhoi okhir ba jorisozii navovariho noil gardidaast. Masalan natijai pursishnomaho nishon dodan, ki dar Rossiya ziyoda az 25% rohbaroni korkhonaho samti taraqqiyoti faoliyatro dar istehsoli mahsulothoi nav, daryofti bozorhoi nav va vasesozii doirai faoliyati korkhona mebinand. Onho bar on aqidaand, ki muvaffaqiyati kasbi va umuman peshrafti korkhona az faoliyati istehsolii samti innovatsioni doshta vobasta ast.
Taraqqiyoti innovatsioni hangomi muqararsozii maqsadho va samthoi rushdi strategii korkhona khususiyathoi khosi khudro vorid sokhta, vazifahoi dastgohi idorakuniro tagyir medihad.
Dar sharoiti faoliyati innovatsioni yaku yak bora naqshi menejer meafzoyad va az shakhsiyat, qobiliyat, ikhtisos va mahorati kasbi u oyandai korkhona muayyan megardad. Dar chunin sharoit aloqamandii makhsus va paydarpaii mantiqii amaligardonii vazifahoi asosii menejmenti innovatsioni baralo zohir megardad. Hamin tavr, ahamiyati vazifahoi zerini menejment ba monandi: 1) robita, 2) tashviq, 3) jarayoni taqsimoti vakolatho ziyod meshavand. Miyoni vositahoi tashkili jarayonhoi innovatsioni namudhoi gayrirasmi bartari dorand, ki beshtar ba qonuniyathoi munosibathoi baynishakhsi va hambastagii guruhi takya mekunand.
Inchunin tanosubi bayni namudhoi gunoguni nazorati jarayonhoi innovatsioni tagyir meyobad. Onho beshtar ba khudnazorati strategii innovatsiya va ba namudhoi moliyavi – iqtisodii nazorat nigaronida shudaand. Robitahoe, ki bo nazorati jarayonhoi innovatsioni aloqamand ast, ahamiyati nazarrasro ba khud kasb mekunad. Tavassuti onho khususiyatihoi jarayoni va doimi doshtani rafti tabaduli akhbor bartari paydo mekunand.
Tagyiroti makhsusro inchunin vazifaho va usulhoi menejment az sar meguzaronand, ba idorai innovatsionii hayati kormandon nigaronida shudaand. Korkard va tatbiqi innovatsiyaho az kormandon ikhtisosi muvofiq va donishu malakai makhsusi kasbiro talab mekunand. Dar sokhtorhoi idorakunii innovatsioni balandbardori darajai malumotnokii kormandon peshbini kardameshavad, to in ki ba talabotho javobgu buda, uhdadorihoyashonro amalan ijro karda tavonand. Tamini bomuvaffaqiyati menejmenti innovatsioni tashakkulyobii chunin hayati kormandonero peshbini menamoyad, ki javobgariro ba zima girifta az uhdaimustaqilona qabulkardani qarorho mebaroyand va rushdi innovatsioniro tamin mekunand.
Dar menejmenti innovatsioni inchunin shakli raftori kormandon, kollektivi innovatsioni va kuli vohidhoi sokhtorii korkhonai innovatsioni tagyir meyoband. Dar in jo unsuri asosii raftor na tanho amali oqilonai ba maqsad nigaronidashuda, balki amali oqilonai ba arzishho muvofiqbuda, ba hisob meravand.
Korgari sohaiinnovatsioni raftori khudro ba talabothoi muayyane muvofiq mesozad, ki ijroishi vazifahoi kasbiro bo arzishhoi shakhsi bo ham muvofiq sozad.
Albatta arzishhoi shakhsi bo havasmandkuni (motivatsiya) zich aloqamand, buda chunin vazifahoi menejmentro ba monandi tashkil va idorai tashviq tagyir medihand.
Dar menejmenti innovatsioni zohiran va ba tavri nazarras tarkib, sokhtor va mundarijai usulhoi idorakuni tagyir meyoband. Menejmenti innovatsioni beshtar bartarii tahlil va peshbini, usulhoi miqdorii tarhrezi va namudhoi ijtimoi-psikhologii musoidatro etirof namuda, istifodabarii fishanghoi mamuriro inkor mekunad. Nizomi vazifahoi idorakunii istehsolot dar menejmenti innovatsioni az maqsad va vazifahoi obekti idorakuni, banaqshagiri, mutobiqsozi, tashviq, tahlili faoliyati istehsoli, tanzimi jarayoni istehsolot iborat meboshad.
