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AZ TARAFI ROSSIYAI PODSHOHI MUSTAMLIKA SHUDANI OSIYOI MIYONA VA TASIRI ON BA HAYOTI JAMIYAISIESI.

Vaziyati ichtimoi – iqtisodii davlatho va bekigarihoi Osiyoi Miyona dar arafai istiloi Rossiya dar bobi guzashta sharh doda shud. Hukumati Rossiya kushish menamud, ki bo rohi diplomati va munosibathoi iktisodi mavqei khudro dar Osiyoi Miyona mustahkam namoyand.
Kushishhoi Britaniya dar rohi vusat dodani tichorat va mustahkam namudani mavqei siyosiyu harbii khud dar Osiyoi Miyona, Rossiyai podshohiro ba tashvish ovarand.
Binobar in, hukumati podshokhi, dar barobari inkishofi munosibathoi iqtisodi – tichorati bo Osiyoi Miyona, ikdomi harbiro pesh girift.
Soli 1847 kushuni hukumati Rossiyai podshohi ba sohilhoi bahri Aral rasid. Dar in ho istekhk mi Raim (kalai Aral) bino karda shud. Sokhtmoni istehkomho harakati bemoneai korvonhoi tichoratiro ba dokhili Osiyoi Miyona tamin karda metavonist. Dar yak vakt dastai digari harbii huk umati podshohi az chonibi Sibir ba Osiyoi Miyona harakat karda, ba Haftrud rasid. Bo in Rossiyai podshohi az du taraf az Orenburg va Omsk ba davlati khonii Quqand ru ba ru shud.
Soli 1853 kuvvahoi harbii rus tahti famondehii general -gubernatori Orenburg V. A. Petrovski kalai Okmachit (Qizil Urda) – ro ishol kardand. In dar siyosati zabtkorii Rossiya, marhilai navro kushod.
Az in davra rohi obii Rossiya ba Osiyoi Miyona kushoda shud. Kishtihoi rus az bahri Aral ba sargahi daryohoi Amu va Sir shino mekardand.
Rossiyai podshohi, dar barobari bo rohi harbi ba tasarrufi khud darovardani Osiyoi Miyona, vositahoi diplomatiro niz vase istifoda meburd. Bo in vasila ba Bukhoro va Quqand vorid gashtani molhoi rus istifoda burda meshud. Soli 1858 ba Bukhoro va Heva bo sardorii polkovnik N.P. Ignatev namoyandagii diplomatii rus firistoda shud. Guftushunid ba khoni Heva yagon naticha nadod. Dar Bukhoro diplomathoi rus ba baze muvaffakiyatho noil gashtand. Amiri Bukhoro Nasrullo namoyandagii rusro khush istiqbol girifta, ba savdogaroni rus dodani baze imtiyozhoro vada dod. Bo in maqsad mekhost, ki dar muboriza ba muqobili khoni Quqand Rossiya az u pushtiboni kunad. Ammo amali gashatani in sozishnoma bo baze sababho dushvor gardid. Rossiya ba khulosa omad, ki baroi amali gashtani maqsadhoi siyosi va iktisodii khud dar Osiyoi Miyona vositai harbiro pesh girad.
Baroi az tarafi Rossiya istilo shudani Osiyoi Miyona yakchand sabab mavchud budand. Osiyoi Miyona kayho boz divdati mamlakathoi khorichiro ba khud kashida bud. Dar navbati avval Rossiya va Angliya baroi Osiyoi Miyona bayni khud muboriza meburdand. Baroi ishgol kardani Osiyoi Miyona sultoni Turkiya va shohi Eron niz kishhoi ziyod mekardand. Onho ba Osiyoi Miyona chosusoni khudro firistoda ba manfiati Angliya va zarari Rossiya tashviqot meburdand. Hamzamon Turkiya va Eron dar Osiyoi Miyona siyosati panturki va panislomi meburdand. Tahdidi az tarafi Angliya mustamlika kardani Osiyoi Miyona Rossiyaro machbur kard, ki istiloi khonigarihoi Osiyoi Miyonaro tezonad. Dar borai siyosati mustamlikaviro pesh giriftani Angliya dar Osiyoi Miyona safiri Rossiya Ignatev dar Konstontinopol borho bo imperiyai rus khabar doda bud. (Istoriya tadjikskogo naroda.- T.II.- kn. 2.- S.132).
Amaliyoti faolonai davlati rus (bo rohi harbi) dar Osiyoi Miyona na faqat khavfi az tarafi Angliya istilo shudani Osiyoi Miyonaro bartaraf mekard, balki baraks Rossiyairo ba hududi mulkhoi SHarkii Britaniya nazdiktar menamud. Az incho chunin khulosa mebaroyad, ki sababi avvali az tarafi Rossiya istilo shudani Osiyoi Miyona omili beruna bud.
Sababi digare, ki ba omili beruna vobasta bud, shikast khurdani Rossiya dar changi Krim (1853-1856) ba hisob meravad. Rossiya dar changi Krim shikast khurda, mavqei peshtarai baynalkhalkii khudro az dast dod. Baroi barqaror kardani mavqei peshtara ba Rossiya lozim bud, ki changi alabaovarro sar kunad. Lekin baroi changi kalon Rossiyai podshokhi na mablag doshtu na kuvvai kofii harbi. Davlathoi Osiyoi Miyona az chihati siyosi sust budand va doirahoi khukmroni Rossiya bovari doshtand, ki khonigarihoi Osiyoi Miyonaro ba osoni tasarruf karda metavonand.
Soli 1861 dar Rossiya khukuki kreposnoi bekor karda shud. In islohot baroi tarakiyoti kapitalizm rokhi vase kushod. Munosibathoi kapitalisti be bozori savdoi va manbai ashyoi khom taraqqi karda nametavonist. Osiyoi Miyona ba in talabothoi Rossiya bad az islohot purra chavob doda metavonist. Dar yak vaqt mutlakiyat umed dosht, ki ba choyhoi nav dekhqononero, ki az siyosati davlat norozi budand, muhochir namuda, ziddiyati dokhiliro bartaraf namoyand. CHunin budand omilhoi siyosi va iqtisodii istiloi Rossiya dar Osiyoi Miyona. Boyad qayd namud, ki dar siyosati mustamlikavii Rossiya dar Osiyoi Miyona omilhoi iktisodi bartari doshtand. Zero in siyosat manfiathoi pomeshikon, kapitaliston va doirahoi mansabdoroni kaloni kharbiro dar nazar dosht.

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