Afkori jamiyaty – siyosii asrhoi IX – XII CHarayonhoi dinn

Pakhn shudani dini islom dar Osiyoi Miyona sababgori dar asrhoi VIII – IX pahn gashtani maslakhoi musulmony meboshad. Muborizai bayni ashrofoni balanpoyai arab (khonadoni abbosiyonu umiyagiho) baroi ba takht sohib shudan dar khilofat dar hayoti siyosy – ichtimoy tasiri manfy rasonid.
Dar muborizai bayni abbosiyon va ummaviyon imomati shia faolona shirkat dosht. Dar in ayyom dar dokhili islom raviyaho va charayonhoi gunogun tashkil yoftand. YAke az chunin raviyaho dokhili imomati shia charayoni Ismoiliya bud.
Imom CHafari Sodiq vorisi takhtro pisari khurdii khud Muso Qozim elon kard. YAk guruh az in norozy shuda, pisari kalonii CHafari Sodiq Ismoilro hamchun imom etirof kardand. Onho az shiaho chudo shuda, soli 765 bo nomi «Ismoiliya» mazhabi alohidaro tashkil dodand. In charayon tarafdoroni ziyod paydo namud, dar mamlakathoi Arab Osiyoi Miyona va Eron payravoni ziyod dosht.
Muvofiqi nishondodi Ismoiliya olamro «Aqli kull» yakchoya bo nafsi Kull ofaridaast. Ismoiliyon shariatro vobasta ba manoi botinii «Quron» manidod mekardand. Dar avval tarafdoroni in firqa faoliyati pinhony meburdand, badtar ba tashviqoti oshkoro guzashtand.
Avvalin rohbari Ismoiliyon Maymun ibni Daysoni Ahvozy ba shumor meravad. Payravoni on dar mulki Arabu shimoli Afriqo tarafdoroni ziyod paydo karda, davlati Ismoiliyon ba nomi fotimy tasis dodand. onho ziddi Abossiyon baromad karda, dar Osiyoi Miyona va Eron payravoni ziyod paydo kardand.
Muvofiqi talimoti Ismoiliyon haft zinai hasty vuchud dorad. Odam ba quvvai khud ba haqiqat rasida nametavonad, vay ba talimi aqli kull ehtiyochmand ast, az in jihat dar har vaqt dar shakli notiq (Donandai shariat – peshvo) paydo shuda,ba odamon haqiqati ruhiro
mefahmonand.
Ismoiliya talim medod, ki ba haqiqat rasidan bo rohi khudomuzy gayri imkon ast. Baroi ba in maqsad rasidan ba shakhs donandai aqli kull (pir) talim medihad.
Ismoiliyon har guna dogmahoi diniro rad karda, tasdiq mekardand, ki har kas boyad chunin nuktai nazarero intikhob namoyad, ki ba aqli u muvofiqat kunad.
Mazhabi Ismoily dar Irok zukhur karda, badtar ba raviyahoi qarmaty va ismoily chudo gardid. Karmatiyon ba tundgaroy mashhur buda pas az khuchum ba Makka dar olami islom badnom gardidand.
Ismoiliyon dar soli 909 dar shimoli Afriqo khilofati Fotimiyon (mansub ba dukhtari payambar Fotima)-ro tasis doda, ba tabligi mazhaby ogoz namudand. Tashviqotgaroni in mazhab tavonistand, amironu vazironro ba bayati (tarafdori) khalifai fotimi davat namoyand. Az jumla dar asri H dar Movarounnahr va Huroson dar in choda ba muvaffakiyat noil gashtand.
Dar Movarounnakhr yake az peshvoyoni in firqa Husayn ibni Alii Marvrudy ba ayonu ashrofi daflati Somony hamnishast bud va ba darbor roh yoft.
SHogirdi u Nasafy chande az atrofiyoni amir Nasr ba mazkhabi Ismoily kashid va hatto az amir baroi begunoh habs va katl kardani Marvrudy khunbaho sitonda, ba khalifai Fotimy irsol namud. Hatto khudi amir Nasr ham ba mazhabi ismoily garavish paydo kard, in amali u boisi etirozi ruhoniyon va lashkariyoni turk gardid. Gurukhdoi manfiatdor asosan sarplashkaroni turk kushishi tabadulotro ba roh mondand. Amir az in ogoh yofta bo khohishi khud az takht dast kashid.
Bad az Nasr, pisarash Nuhi II ba sari takht nishast va bo khidoyati ruhoniyoni irtichoi va sarkardagoni lashkar (turk) ba chazo dodani Ismoiliyon ooz kard. Nuh nisbat ba guzashtagon ba umuri lashkar va roniyoni irtichoy bolo bardosht, ki in du unsur sababgori zavoli davlat gardid.
YAke az sarkardagoni ismoiliyon Hasan Saboh dar shakhri Qazvin shurish bardoshta, qalai dastnorasi Alamutro zabt namud. In davlat az soli 1090 to soli 1256 faoliyat namud.
Ba tamomi takiboti ziddi ismoiliyon nigoh nakarda in raviya dar bisyor mamlakathoi dunyo payravoni khudro dorad.