Toj.su
Umuman, tamomi ibodatho va ahkomu arkoni Islom baroi yak mak-
sadi asosi va muhim jori shudaand va on ba vuchud ovardani takoi
ilohi dar javhari shakhsiyati inson meboshad. Pas az ejodi tahavvuli
musbat ba sui khudoshinosi dar afkoru andeshai odami va bo paymuda-
ni marhalahoi gunoguni poksozii nafs, tazkiyai rukh, va khudsozii shakh-
siyat banda ba mehvari takoi ilohi nazdik megardad. Tako mevai
imon ast. Har kadare imon va bovarhoi etikodii banda durust va
mustahkam gardand, takoyash niz beshtar va behtar megardad. Ibodat-
ho va ahkomi ilokhi dar tarhi khudsozi va takomuli shakhsiyati inson
koromadtarin vasilai ilohi meboshand.
Dar khotimai tamomi oyathoe, ki farziyati ibodatho va yo mashruiya-
ti ahkomro bayon medorand, ba iborahoi «laallakum tattakun» (to
tako namoed) va monandi on barmekhurem. In iboraho hadafi mash-
ruiyat va farziyati ibodathoi ilohi va ahkomi shariatro bayon mena-
moyand, ki on ba vuchud omadani malakai tako dar botini inson me-
boshad. Tako in hamon nerui ilohi va vijdoni imoni dar botini in-
son ast, ki shakhsiyati uro dar tamomi munosibathoi zindagi idora va
tanzim menamoyad. Odamiro ba nekiho hidoyat va az badiho boz medo-
rad. Dar fitrati vay reshahoi odamiyat, darki zeboishinosi va hissi
masuliyatnokiro ustuvor megardonad va insonro odami shukrguzor
mesozad.
Kuroni karim dar khotimai oyati farziyati ruza hadafi asli va
hikmati farz gardidani in barnomai ibodatiro niz ba vuchud omada-
ni malakai tako, hissi parhezgori va vijdoni khudoshinosonai inso-
ni dar kalbi shakhsi ruzador guftaast. Hudovand bo poyaguzorii bar-
nomahoi ibodati va nizomi komili khudoparasti mekhohad dar botini
inson hissi balandi kheshtanshinosi, zavki zeboiparasti va salikai
kamolkhohiro tahkim bakhshad va onhoro az tariki hamin poygohi ustu-
vori tako ba sui khudoparasti, rioyai odob va ahkomi ibodatho va ba
roh mondani nazmi zeboi ijtimoy bikashonad. Zero tanho tako ast,
ki dilhoro bedor va puyo mesozad va ba odam karomat va shakhsiyat me-
bakhshad.
Hadafi aslii barnomai ibodatho dar Islom ba vujud ovardani
poygohi tako va tahkimi poyahoi vijdoni khudoshinosona dar kalbi
odami meboshad va az tariqi in nerui marifati mardumro ba sui
tatbiki durusti barnomahoi hayoti mekashonad, na ba vasilai zanjir-
hoi jahlu nodoni va boftahoi khurofoi
Hudovand oyati farziyati ruzaro bo khitob ba muminoni ahli ma-
rifat «yo ayyukha-l-lazina omanu» (ey kasone, ki imon ovardaed) shuru
va bo «laallakum tattaqun» va «laallakum tashkurun» khotima doda-
ast va dar miyonai on du qismat «kutiba alaykumu-s-siyom»-ro karor
dodaast. In ba on mano ast, ki: Ey muminoni bomarifat! Ruzai
mohi Ramazon bar shumo farz gardonida shud, to dar rasidan ba taq-
voi ilokhi shumoro yori va kuvvat bakhshad.
Dar in jo chi tavre mebinem, Hudovand khitobi khudro bo sadoi shi-
rini: «Ey akh,li imon» ooz va bo khulosai matlub va bo zebotarin me-
vai imon, yane tako khotima dodaast. Tako ruhi imon va sirri sao-
dati inson ast. Vakte sukhan az imon va tako ba miyon omadaast, in khud
bo sarohat guyoi on ast, ki ruza tanho dar khuddorii odam az khurdanu
nushidan va nazdikii zanoshavhari khulosa namegardad, balki khuddori
az tamomi kirdoru guftore, ki bo haqiqati imon, ruhi fazilatu taq-
vo va murokabati Hudovand mukholif hastand, hadafi aslii ruzaro
tashkil medihad.
Bar hamin asos, ruzadorone, ki az iri Hudovand tarsu haros va
yo umed doshta boshand va yo dar fikri sodir namudani gunohe va yo jino-
yate boshand va yo bar ziddi arzishhoi dini Hudo va ahli imon mubo-
riza barand va dast ba fitnavu fasod zanand, ruzai onho behosil va
bemanost.
Hamchunin kasone, ki baroi ejodi tafrikavu parokandagi dar mi-
yoni musalmonon talosh mevarzand va bo guftor va andeshahoi manfii
khud zaminai parokandagii musalmononro ba vujud meovarand va yo ba
ahli fasod hamfikri va nazdiki menamoyand, ruzai onho behuda buda,
hej nafe baroi onho ba hamroh nadorad.
Odamone, ki az manofei umumi musalmonon sui istifoda menamo-
yand va molu doroii mardumro dar manfiathoi shakhsi va angezahoi
shahvonii khud ba kor megirand va yo bo dastu zabon va yo qalami khud
harimi muqaddasoti dini ilohi va sharafu obrui mardumro mavridi
hujum va beehtiromi karor medihand, ruzai onho botil va benatija
ast. Agar in kabil odamon sifathoi manfi va janbahoi salbii shakh-
siyati khudro isloh nasozand, maksad va mafhumi ruza dar onho ta-
haqquq nayoftaast.
Ruzadore, ki dar zarfi yak mohi Ramazon nafsi khudro az khikdu ku-
durat, hasadu bukhl va badbinii digar musalmonon pok nasozad va az
tasiroti sozandai ruza bahramand nagardad, az magfirati ilohy va
imtiyozoti digare, ki Hudovand baroi bandagoni khud dar in moh pesh-
biny namudaast, benasib megardad. Rasuli Hudo (s) mefarmoyad: «Ruz-
o dushanbe va panchshanbe (-i khar khafta) darkhoi b؛!
shavand – va dar rivoyate – amalkhoi mardum arza doshta meshavand, pas
khar bandae, ki ba Hudo chizero sharik nayovarda b؛osh1a1d٠ magfirat
meshavab, magar kase, ki dar bayni vay va barodarash badbini va
te vuchud doshta boshad – va dar rivoyate – magar du nafare, ki yakdigar-
ro tark karda boshand. Pas dar khaqqi o>ni؛o gufta meshavad: Har duro
bozgardoned, to bo yakdigar oshti namoyand».26 Pas in sarnavisht dar
mohi Ramazon niz baroi chunin odamone hatmy meboshad.
Binobar in, shakhse, ki tanho kholabi berunii ruzaro rioya mena-
moyad, vale az mafhumu maqsadi on bekhabar ast, ruzaash hej nafe ba-
roi u nadorad. Huddory az khurdanu nushidan va hambistary in tanho
janbai zohirii ruza meboshad va on baroi inson dars va vasila (me-
khanizm)-e ba shumor meravad, to az tamomi amoli bad, raftori no-
shoista, guftori bemano va gayra khudro nigah dorad. Payombar (s) me-
farmoyad: «Har kase sukhan (-on)-i durug (tukhmatomez va nopisand) va
khamchunin amal ba on (-ho)-ro tark nanamoyab, Hudovand n1I1€؛٦؛e ba tarki
khuroku sha1ro٠b٠i v؛O1y (ya٦»ne n e ba ruzai vay) nadorad».
Dar joi digar mefarmoyad: «Ey chi baso ruzadorest, ki az ruza ba
gayri gurusnagivu tashnagi chize nasibash nyug01؛؛SH1t1a1a1st va chi baso SH101b|-
zindadores ki az khiyomi SH101b1a1SH 1P01N1H؛o khamon bekhobi nasibash gashta-
ast».28 Hamchunin on Hazrat (s) mefarmoyad: «Agar kase az shumo ruza-
dor boshab, bekhudagiyu gavgo va durushti nanamoyad. Agar kase kham uro
dashnom d٠i1H؛a1d va yo ba u namoyad, ba u biguyad: Man ruzador
khastam…» .29
Hamchunin mefarmoyad: «Ruza tankho az khuddori az khurdanu nushidan
iborat nest, balki on khuddori az laHvu beHudagi, badraftori va nosa-
27 Sahehi Bukhory, 1903, 6057. Sunani Abudovud, 2362. Sunani Tirmizy, 707. Suna-
zoguiro meboshab. in, kase turo (ba vaqti r a
dashnom dihad va yo bar tu saul namoyad, bigu: Man ruzadoram».30
Ruzai makbul ruzaest, ki sokhibi khudro ba takvoi ilokhy nazdik so-
zad. Dar chunin holat ast, ki duoho, orzuho va nekihoi vay kabuli
dargokhi Hak megardand. Hudovand mefarmoyad: «Hudovand (amol va
ibodatkho)-ro tankho az bandagoni botakvoi khud mepazirad».
