Toj.su
CHorumin asl az usuli dini islom imomat ast.”i m o m a t”– rahbari va peshvoii omma -ummati musalmon dar korhoi dunyavi va dini tavassuti shakhse ba niyobat az payombar ast. I m o m az peshoyandi arabi amoma- pesh ba tojikiyu forsi manii peshvo va rahbarro dorad. Asli imomat ham dar mazhabi ahli tasannun (sunniho) va ham ahli tashayyu (shiaho) mavridi qabul ast. Vale dar bayni ahli tasannun (haddi aqal dar sathi shuuri mazhabii omma) in asl ba manii khelo tangu mahdud shakhsi pesh namoz maruf ast. Imomatro metavon nazariya (doktrina)-i rahbarii siyosi va mazhabi nomid.
Asosan illati nakhustin ikhtilof dar jomeai islomi, ki badan bo nomi ikhtilofi shia va sunni maruf gardid rui hamin masalai imomat, yane masalai rahbarii siyosi va mazhabii ummati musalmon, bad az margi Payombari islom(s) buda ast. Sunniho rohi khudro intikhobi az tariqi bayat menomand. SHiaho boshand az tariqi intisobi, yane guzashtan yo intiqol yoftani imomat az nasl ba nasli ahli khonadoni Payombar(s) raftand.
Sunniho nazariyai intisobi budani imomat va masumiyat ( bekhatogi va begunohi)-i imomro, ki yake az sharoiti asosii imomat ast, qabul nadorand. Baze az mazhbhoi ahli tasannun hatto mutaqidand, ki farazan, shakhse bo rohi zuri va galaba zimomi rahbarii siyosii ummati islomro biduni bayat ba dast ovarad, agarchi fosiq va johil boshad, imomat bar u munaqid meshavad. Hamchunin onho itoati imomro, modom ki amali u mukholifi hukmi shari naboshad, khoh odil boshad khoh jobir vojib meshumorand. Maqsad az imomat hifzi khalalnopazirii islom va dafi istilovu taqallub bar musalmonon ast. YAne imom rahbari siyosi va mazhabii jomiai islomi ast. SHinokhti imomi zamon bar musalmon vojib guftaand. Dar in mavrid hadisest, ki ham sunniho va ham shiayon qabul dorand va dar on omadaast:”Dar kas qabl az shinokhti imomi zamoni khud bimirad, murdaast az navimurdai johiliya”. In qazovati khelo vaznin ast,chun onhoe ki dar jokhiliyat murdaand mushriku butparast budaand.
Ahli tashayyu imomatro , chunon ki guftem, mansub ba khonadoni Muhammad medonand, yane pas az Muhammad meboist Ali ibn Abutolib (domod va amakbachai Payombar (s)) rahbari ummat va davlati islomi meshud. Vale bistu du sol tul kashid to ligomi khilofat bad az se khalifi roshidini avval (Abubakr, Umar va Usmon) ba dasti Ali ibn Abutolib rasid. Az in ru shiayon hokimiyati in se khalifi avvalro qonuni nameshumorand va onhoro gosiboni hokimiyat mehisoband.
Onho dar mavridi durusti va muvassaq budani iddaoi khud oyot va hadishoero zikr kardaand. Maruftarini on hadisi “Gadiri Hum” ast, ki tibqi on Payombar (s) farmudaast: “Har kiro, ki man voli(rohbar) budam, khamono Ali niz volii ust”. Akhli tashayyu meguyand, ki in hadisro Payombar hangomi bargasht az «hajji vido» dar mahalli “Gadiri Hum” izhor kardaast. Digar dalelu burhonho ham dorand, ki mo dar risolai “Islomshinosi” mufassal ovardaem. Dar aqidai ahli shia imomat faqat hokimiyati siyosi nest, balki hamon vazifaero dorad, ki anbiyo dorand. On anbiyoe, ki shariati anbiyoi peshinro tablig kardaand.
Mavridi tazakkur ast, ki na hamai anbiyo sohibshariat budaand, balki bazei onho shariati payombaroni pesh guzashtaro tabligu targib kardaand. YAke az daloili ahli nazar on ast, ki meguyand: Muhammad(s) nametavonist dar zarfi 23 sol tamomi mavzuot va masoili nazariyu amalii islomro ba muminon yo aksar az on ba insoniyat bayonu sharhu tavzeh kunad, az in ru pas az sari u meboist afrodi barguzida, ki nishonahoi lutfi ilohi ba onho az matni Quron va ahodisi nabavi ayon ast, in korro anjom medodand.
Ba bovarii ahli shia in maqomu martabaro Ali ibni Abutolib va yozdah imomi pas az u omada dorand. Harchand aksari ulamoi ahli sunnat va jamoat imomatro hamchun yake az panj (yo hasht) usuli din, yane talimoti bunyodii islom qabul kardaand, pajuhish dar masoili nazarii in mavzu tarikhan nazdi sunniho khelo nochiz ast. SHoyad yake az sababhoi chandon amiq omukhta nashudani maslai imomat hamchun asosi nazariyai siyosi va davlatdorii islomi mahz dar maslai imomat, pas az sari payombar ejod gardidani ikhtilof bayni ahli sunnat va ahli tashayyu boshad. Ba har surat masalai imomat dar mazhabi ahli tasannun niyoz ba omuzish va tahqiqi beshtar dorad.
