Home / Ilm / INQILOBI BURJUAZI – DEMOKRATII FEVRALII SOLI 1917 VA TASIRI ON BA HAYOTI SIYOSII HALQI TOJIK

INQILOBI BURJUAZI – DEMOKRATII FEVRALII SOLI 1917 VA TASIRI ON BA HAYOTI SIYOSII HALQI TOJIK

CHangi yakumi chahon, ifodai buhroni siyosii kapitalsizm bud, ki nufuzi imeprializmro sust kard. Davom dodani chang tamomi norizogihoi ommai vasei khalqro afzun namud. Dar chunin vaziyat podshohi Russiya Nikolai II 27 fevrali soli 1917 ba foidai pisari ba balogat narasidaash az vazifa dast kashid. To ba balogat rasidani imperatori khurdsol meboist barodarash Mikhail hukumatro idora mekard, vale ruzi digar Mikhail ham az takht dast kashid. Dumai davlati boshad, istefoi shohro qabul karda, ba sardorii knyaz Lvov hukumati muvaqqati tashkil dod.
Bad az 27 fevrali soli 1917 dar Rossiya vaziyati siyosi ba tavri kulli tagyir yoft. Inqilobi fevrali soli 1917 davomi inqilobi yakumi rus bud. Inqilob az chihati kharakteri khud burjuazi-demokrati meboshad. Dar inqilob sinfi korgar va dehqononi Russiya ishtirok doshtand. Hususiyati khosi inqilobi fevrali dar on bud, ki dar mamlakat du hokimiyati: hukumati muvaqqati va SHuroi deputathoi korgaron, askarho va dehqonon tashkil yoftand. Du hokimiyati az mohi fevrali soli 1917 to voqeahoi 3 – 4 iyuli soli 1917 davom kard.
Badi in bo siyosati sozishkoronai sovethoi eseri – mensheviki hokimiyatro burjuaziya sohib gardid. Duhokimiyati ba foidai burjuaziya anchom yoft.
Habari sarnagun shudani mutlaqiyat dar muddati kutoh dar tamomi imperiya va mustamlikaho pakhn gasht. SHabi 1 mart khabari az takht barkanor gardidani podshoh ba Turkiston rasid. 3 mart dar tamomi matbuoti mahali khabari sarnagun shudani podshoh va tashkil yoftani hukumati muvavdati chop gardid.
Dar barobari digar gushaho, dar Tochikiston niz SHuroi deputathoi korgaronu askaron tashkil yoft. Ba SHuroho asosan korgaroni rokhi ohani Osiyoi Miyona va korkhonahoi sanoati dokhil meshudand. Rohbariyatro dar Sovetho unsuroni esseri va menshiviki ba dast darovardand. Inro niz boyad kayd kard, ki ba hayati Sovetho asosan namoyandagoni millathoi ruszabon dokhil shudand.
Dar barobari SHuroho, dar Osiyoi Miyona, tashkilothoi gunoguni demokratii tasis yoftand, ki ba onho namoyandagoni mehnatkashoni millathoi gunogun shomil shudand. Dar Samarkand tashkilothoi ittifoki
musulmononi mekhnatkash, dar Huchand «Komiteti rokhi ohani korgaron va dekhdononi stansiya Huchand» va SHuroi deputathoi musulmonon tashkil yoftand. In tashkilotho bo SHurohoi korgaron askarho aloqai nazdik doshtand. 31 mart dar machlisi yakchoya SHuroi deputathoi korgaron va soldathoi Toshkand, komiteti ichroiya, namoyandagoni SHuroi deputathoi musulmonon va SHuroi dekhdonon dar borai barham dodani general – gubernatori Turkiston karor kabul karda shud.
Burjuaziyai milli, unsuroni boyu feodali kushish mekardand, ki boloravii harakati Milli-ozodikhokhii khalkdoi Osiyoi Miyonaro ba zeri nazorati khud girifta, onro ba manfiati makhdudi sinfi istifoda barand. Ideologhoi asosii burjuaziyai Milli ba monandi peshtara chadidho budand.
Tabadduloti mokhi fevrali soli 1917-ro chadidho ba shodii tom istiqbol giriftand. Mokhi marti soli 1917 dar Toshkand millatchiyoni burjuazi tashkiloti khudro ba nomi «SHuroi islomiya» tasis dodand. Dertar namoyandagoni kreliali-dini az on chudo shuda, tashkiloti digarro bo nomi «Ulamo» tasis dodand. Ba in tashkilotho sobiq deputathoi Dumai davlati Mulloabdulvokhid Qoriev, Munavvarkori Abdurashidov. M.CHukaev, I.Sayfulmulukov rohbari mekardand. Boyad qayd kard, ki in sozmonho va peshvoyoni onho beshtar dar zeri goyahoi panturki budand. Onho hissiyoti khudshinosii forsizabonhoro etirof namekardand. Hudshinosii turkgaroi ba badbinii zabonu farhangi forsho tabdil yoft.
Dar targibi raviyahoi panturkii in tashkilotho «Turon» nom guruhi burjuazii milli, ki dertar ba «Tashkiloti federalistii Turk» (Turk Adam markaziyati) tabdil yoft, roli muayyan bozid.
Rohbaroni in tashkilotho khudro homiyoni dini islom va manfiathoi umumikhalki ba kalam doda, tabaqahoi qafomondai aholiro ba mukobili inkilob barkhezondani meshudand. Lekin khudi charayoni ba sinfho va tabaqaho chudoshavii aholi nishon dod, ki sababgori in gurusnagi boyhoyu savdogaron meboshand. Dar bayni onho va kambaalon yagon khel manfiathoi «umumi» vuchud nadorand. Namoyandagoni «SHuroi islomiya» tarafdori rohi
taravdiyoti burjuazii Osiyoi Miyona budand. Payravoni «ulamo» az rui qonuni shariat amal karda, tarafdori barqaror kardani tartibothoi feodalii amiri budand. Maqsadhoi in tashkilotho ba khalq malum gashta, mardum az onho chudo shud. 9 marti soli 1917 dar maydoni markazii Huchand namoishi yakchoyai aholi va askaron barpo gardid. Bad az namoish Soveti shahri Huchand tashkil yoft, ki rohbariyati inkilobiro ba dasti khud girift.
Dar sari digargunsozihoi inkilobi dar kismi Tochikistoni SHimoli korgaroni rohi ohan meistodand. 14 mart «Komiteti rohi ohanchiyoni Huchand» tasis yoft. Bo tashabbusi komitet dar koni angishti Sulukta Soveti deputathoi korgaron tasis doda shud. CHunin sovetho dar konhoi «SHurob», koni nefti «Santo» tashkil doda shudand. Tashkilothoi markazi va mahali dar rohi inkishof dodani charayoni mutashakkilona ba harakati omma chorahoi amali meandeshidand. 31-mart bo qarori muttahidai Soveti deputathoi korgaronu soldathoi Toshkand, komiteti ichroiya va namoyandagoni Soveti deputathoi musulmonu ittifoki dekhdonon sokhti general-gubernatori barham doda shud. In komyobii buzurg bud.
7-aprel bo rohbarii SHepkin n.n. Komiteti Turkistonii hukumati muvavdati tashkil doda shud. Ba hayati komitet namoyandagoni burjuaziyai rus va burjuaziyai mahali dokhil shudand. Sardori komitet vakolati general- gubernatorro girift. Dar mahalho, uezdu volostho komissarho tain shudand, ki vakolati mamurii mahali doshtand. Komissari Hukumati muvakqati dar uezdi Huchand praporshik Taranenko tain shud.
17-aprel soli 1917 Komiteti Ichroiyai Hukamti muvavdatii Huchand dar hayati 29 nafar namoyandagii burjuaziyai rus va mahalli tashkil karda shud. Az ashrofoni mahali sokhiboni zavodhoi pakhtatozakuni va ravgankashi Muhammadrakhim Aliboev, Makhkamboy Otaboev, Samadchon Muminov va digaron ba hayati komitet dokhil shudand. Az in chihat komiteti ichroiya manfiati khukumati burjuazi va sinfii burjuaziyaro himoya mekard.
Hukumati burjuazii siyosi mustamlikavii khukumati podshokhiro davom doda, ba khalq, ozodi, non va zaminu sulkhro nadod.
Halkdoi Osiyoi Miyona ba monandi peshtara zulmi dutarafai Milli va ichtimoiro az sar meguzarondand. Inkilobi burjuazi-demokrati masalahoi asosi va iktisodiro hal nakard. Az in sabab, mekhnatkashoni Osiyoi Miyona dar atrofi tashkilothoi siyosi muttakhid shuda, baroi inkilobi nav tayyori medidand.
Mekhnatkashoni Badakhshon khabari az saltanat dur shudani podshokhi Russiyaro Z-apreli soli 1917 fahmidand. Dar nimai duyumi mokhi aprel Komiteti Umumipomirii Hukumati muvavdati bo sardorii amaldori podshokhi Belov tashkil yoft. Komitet dar volostho SHuroi ichroiyai volosthoro tasis dod. Ba monandi, nohiyahoi Markazi dar in sarzamini kuhiston niz ba komitethoi volosti odamoni doro tain shuda, mekhnatkashoni kambagal ba on roh doda nashudand.
Himoyagaroni manfiathoi mekhnatkashon tashkilothoi inkilobi budand. Komiteti Umumipomirii askaron va Komitethoi posthoi askaroni Pomir, mokhi apreli soli 1917 bo sardorii Volovkin tashkil yoft. Halki mekhnatkash ba in tashkilotho umedu bovarii kalon doshtand.
Unsuroni irti choii mahali kushish mekardand, ki bo amiri Bukhoro sozish kunand. Lekin komiteti soldati va mekhnatkashon ba in roh nadodand. Bo yorii mehnatkashon soldatho ofiseroni reaksioniro machbur kardand, ki Pomirro tark kunand. Vale siyosati peshtarai mustamlikavi az tarafi komiteti Hukumati muvakdati davom doda meshud va khalq dar benavoi va shshoki umr ba sar meburd.

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