Toj.su
Nushervon-Husravi Anushervon – shohanshohi sulolai Sosoniyon, mulaqqab ba Dodgar, ki bistuyakumin shohi sosoni buda, solhoi 531-579 hukumat rondaast, dar adabiyoti badei (pakhdavi, asrhoi miyonai forsu tojik) hamchun shohi odilu raiyatparvar va oqil mashhur gardidaast. Asarhoi oid ba dini zardushti, ki ba zaboni pahlavy (forsii miyona) insho shudaand, nomi uro ba odili mashhur kardaand.
Ba tufayli tarjumai asarhoi pahlavi ba zaboni arabi obrazi Nushervoni Odil ba asarhoi tarikhnavisoni islomi niz dokhil gardidaast. Simoi Nushervoni Odil hamchun shohi adolatparvar dar «SHohnoma»-i Abulqosim Firdavsi, «Hamsa»-i Nizomy, «Qobusnoma»-i Unsurulmaolii Kaykovus tasvir shudaast.
Dar «Qobusnoma» Kaykovus asli khudro mansub ba akhli nasabi Nushervoni Odil donista, pandhoi uro yod mekunad. Hamin tavr, az Nushervon «Pandnoma»-e dar akhlok boki mondaast.
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Az ruyi naklu rivoyatho Buzurgmehr shakhsi okilu dono va bomarifatu khiradmand buda, hamesha tarafdori adolat va obodii mulk budaast.
u az Marv (vafotash soli 590), dar avdi sosoniho umr ba sar burda, vaziri Nushervoni Odil budaast, az khud bozii «Nard» va risolae dar akhloku khikmati tarbiya boki guzoshtaast.
Risolai «Pandnoma»-i akhloky-tarbiyavii Buzurgmehr aslan ba zaboni pahlavy buda, ba zabonhoi araby va forsy tarchuma shuda, az jihati tasvir ba «Pandnoma»-i Nushervon muto-bikat nadorad.
Dar «Kitob-ul-garib»-i Abdulny ibni SHaykh Muhammad Hatib (Hinduston) va majmuai risolahoi «Pandnoma»-i Muhammad SHokiri Qory (Toshkand) ba nomi Buzurgmehr yod meshavad.
Afsona, naqlu rivoyat, qissayu hikoyathoi khurdi pandu akhloqi, latifahoi ziyode mansub ba Nushervon va vaziri u – Buzurgmehr ba ejodiyoti dahony va kitobii Arabu Ajam roh yoftaaand.
Inak, hikoyate az pursishi Nushervon va posukhi Buzurgmehr Ovardaand, ki dar asl Nushervon odil nabuda, zolim buda. Dar avdi saltanati u raiyat parokanda, mulk taboh,. Buzurgmehr vaziri Nushervon tayin gardida, az payi taraqqiyu obodii mulku osudagii khaloiq shuda.
Nushervon bo Buzurgmehr bo maksadi shikor ba biyobon kadam ranja namuda, dar roh dehahoi vayronu valangor va kharobgardidai beshumorro dida, dar tahayyur mondand. Az dehai kharobe dar boloi devori farsudae du jugz bo ham munozarayu munokasha doshtand.
Nushervon ba vazir guft:
- Tu zaboni muronro medony, guy, ki inho chiho meguyand? Buzurgmekhr pas az gush kardani sadohoi murn ba Nushervon ruy ovard:
- YAke az chugzho pisaru digarash dukhtar dorad. Sokhibi pisar mekhohad bo jugzi dukhtardor kheshy (kudogy) namoyad. Sokhibi dukhtar ba in fikr rozy nest va shart meguzorad, ki ba ivazi kudogy ba man duvozdah dehai kharobgardidaro kalin medikhy. Sokhibi pisar rozy shuda meguyad, ki agar dar mamlakat Nushervon podshoh boshadu Buzurgmekhr vazir, na duvozdah, balki duvozdah hazor dehahoi vayronayu kharobgardidaro kalin mediham.
Nushervon, ki tarchumai khikoyati murnro az vazir shunid, guft:
- Zulmu zolimii man tanho ba khaloik ne, balki ba parandahoi dashtu homun ham tasir kardaast. Hamon zamon Nushervon zolimiro tark namuda, odiliro pesha kardaaast, to ba darajae amoniro barqaror kardaast, ki gurgu mesh az yak juy ob mekhurdaand. Az hamon vakt uro Nushervoni Odil nomidaand.
Odina[1] ba bozor shudam, vakti namoz, Kabke didam nishasta bar sinai boz, On kabk ba on boz hameguft ba roz: Har kas, ki jafo kunad, chafo binad boz.
SAVOLHOI NUSHERVONI ODIL VA JAVOBHOI BUZURGMEHRI VAZIR – FOIDABAHSH BA HAR NEKUAHTAR
Inson boyad, ki chun vakti shab sar ba bolini istirohat guzorad, tamomi amoli on ruzro khisob kunad. Az korhoi nek karda, shukr ba joy ovarad, agar afoli zisht karda, nafsi khudro malomat kunad, tavba va istigfor namoyad va bori digar girdi on kor nagardad. Inson boyad, ki az fikri maonii baland ofil naboshad, insoni befikr ba khisobi murdagon ast, agarchi zinda boshad.
Hakim Faysoguras
Savol: – Az Hudovandi taolo chi boyad khost?
- – Hayru ofiyati dorayn.1
- – Takdimi avomiri[4] ilokhi va shafkat bar bandagoni Hudo.
Savol: – Zindagoni chi guna ba sar boyad kard?
- – Ba khushnudi va kamozori.
Savol: – Umr ba kadom shugl sarf boyad kard?
- – Ba tahsili ulum va hunaru adab.
Savol: – Ilm chi natija dihad?
CHob: – Honandai ilm, agar keh boshad, meh gardad va agar fakir boshad, tavongar shavad.
Savol: – Rokhi rost chi guna malum shavad?
CHavob: – Ba rushnoii ilm.
Savol: – Rushnoii rokhi suluk chist?
CHob: – Maglubii nafs.
Savol: – Nafs ba chi tadbir maglub shavad?
CHavob: – Ba mukholifati u.
Savol: – Izzat ba chi afzun shavad?
CHob: – Ba kam guftan.
Savol: – Nekii mukaddamtar az hama ba ki boyad kard?
CHob: – Dar haqqi modaru padar.
Savol: – Badi ba ki boyad kard?
CHob: – Ba nafsi khud.
Savol: – Hushnudii Hudo ba chi hosil oyad?
CHavob: – Ba khidmatgorii volidayn.
Savol: – Kadom neki nazdi Hudo makbultar ast?
CHob: – Nekihoe, ki ba volidaynu ustod va farzandonu kavmu kabilai khud kunand.
Savol: – Kadom badi nazdi Hudo makbukhtar1 ast?
CHob: – Duoi bad, ki bar farzandoni khud kunand va zulm bar zerdastoni khud ravo dorand.
Savol: – Nekbakht ba chi dalel shinokhta shavad?
CHob: – Ba se dalel: yake talabi ilm; duvum: sakhovat; sevum: shukuftaruy.
Savol: – Nektarini korho chist?
CHob: – Dar majlisi ulamo va hukamo nishasta va az suhbati eshon mutamatte[5] [6] shudan.
Savol: – Daleli mardi orif[7] chist?
CHob: – On ki dar payi ozori kas nagardad.
Savol: – Kamozory chy guna hosil oyad?
CHob: – Hudro az jamii zayi[8] hayot kamtar va badtar donad.
Savol: – In sifat chy guna hosil oyad?
CHob: – Az barakati suhbati ulamo va hukamo.
Savol: – Dar fakr chy chiz ikhtiyor boyad kard?
CHob: – Rizoi Haq.
Savol: – Dil ba suyi ibodati Ilohi chi guna moil shavad?
CHob: – Ba yod doshtani mavt.1
Savol: – Torikii dil az chi chiz ast?
CHob: – Ba muhabbati amvoli dunyo.
Savol: – Rushnoii dil chi guna hosil oyad?
CHavob: – Ba tarki khubbi[9] [10] dunyo va khitomi[11] dunyovi.
Savol: – Dar dunyo chi guna boyad mond?
CHob: – Misli musofire, ki dar saroe furud oyad, shab bigzarad, subh ch kunad.
Savol: – Mardro az jon chi aziztar ast?
CHob: – Dindorro din va bedinro diram[12]
Savol: – Bar khusnu kubhi[13] inson chi guna matla[14] tavon shud?
CHob: – Ba muomila.
Savol: – Kadom sukhan ast, ki rost boshad, durug namoyad?
CHob: – Bayoni zuri javoni dar piri va ayshi tavongari dar fakiri.
Savol: – YOr chi guna shinokhta shavad?
CHob: – Dar vakti hojatmandi yor va agyorro[15] malum tavon kard.
Savol: – Farzandi nokhalaf[16] chi guna boshad?
CHob: – CHunon ki angushti shashum, agar biburand, dard kunad va bigzorand, ayb buvad.
Savol: – Dar miyoni zanu mard chi fark ast?
CHavob: – Az osmon to zamin. To az osmon naborad, bar zamin naruyad.
Savol: – Musofir behtar yo mukim?
CHob: – Musofir hukmi obi ravon dorad va mukim hukmi obi basta.
Savol: – Dorui gunohon chist?
CHob: – Tavba kardan.
Savol: – Sibdavlatro kadom amal khushtar ast?
CHavob: – Ba mukhtojon non dodan va ba tavozui1 mekhmonon pardokhtan.
Savol: – Az chumlai avrod[17] [18] ba chi chiz muvozabat[19] boyad kard?
CHavob: – Nomi Holik va yod kardani mavt.
Savol: – Rizk chist?
CHob: – Har chi ba tu birasad.
Savol: – Kadom kas ast, har jo, ki ravad, uro dust dorand?
CHob: – Sokhibi ilmu adab.
Savol: – Hob behtar yo bedori?
CHob: – Zolimro khob behtar va odilro bedori.
Savol: – On kadom kas ast, ki agar sad ayb doshta boshad, bar vay ayb nagirand?
CHob: – Mardi sakhi.
Savol: – CHand chiz ast, ki andukhro bibarad?
CHob: – Du chiz: yake rafiki muvofik, duyum didani rui dustoni sodik.
Savol: – Mardi okil kist?
CHob: – On ki az mukholafati dunyo ozurdavu diltang naboshad.
Savol: – Olikhimmat kist?
CHavob: – On ki nemati okhiratro bar nemati dunyo naguzinad.
Savol: – Kadom maraz ast, ki tabib ba iloji on furu monad?
CHob: – Hamokat1 va ablahi.
Savol: – Kadom amal boyad kard, ki az sharri[20] [21] ahli dunyo amn[22] hosil oyad?
CHob: – Bo duston talattuf[23] va bo dushmanon madoro.
Savol: – On chi chiz ast, ki behtar az zindagoni va badtar az marg boshad?
CHob: – Behtar az zindagoni neknomist va badtar az marg badnomi.
Savol: – Sihatii chism dar chi chiz ast?
CHob: – Ba ishtihoi sodik taom khurdan va hanuz andake az ishtiho boki ast, ki dast az taom boz kashidan.
Savol: – Dust kadom ast?
CHob: – On ki aybhoi turo bipushad va hunarhoi turo zohir kunad.
Savol: – Inson az kadom amal mahbubi dilho shavad?
CHob: – Az rostmuomalagi va shukuftarui.
Savol: – Az nemathoi dunyo chand chiz khushtar ast?
CHob: – YAke farzandi soleh[24]; duvum davlat az kasbi halol; sevum zani nekkirdor va sokhibjamol;
Savol: – Nishoni dusti sodik chist?
CHob: – On ki dar neki yorii tu kunad va az badi turo nofe[25] oyad va bozdorad.
AZ «PANDNOMAI HUKAMO1
Har ki naknad ekhtiyoti korho, Bar dilash okhir nishinad borho.
CHomaro bar tan nashoyad dukhtan, Boyad az mardon adab omukhtan. Faridaddini Attor
Har ki az in khislatho khudro dur nadorad, ba iflos[26] [27] darmonad, agarchande ki moliki[28] sad hazor boshad: Avval: – Bavl kardan barahna khoh ba ruz, khoh ba shab.
Duvum: – CHust[29] taom khurdan.
Savum: – Nonrezahoro khor doshtan.
CHahorum: – Siru piyoz ba pust mondan.
Panchum: – Ba shab khona ruftan.
SHashum: – Peshi nomakhramon budan.
Haftum: – Padaru modarro ba nom khondan.
Hashtum: – Ba har chube dandon koftan.
Nuhum: – Ba gil va khok dast shustan.
Dahum: – Bar ostonai dar nishastan.
YOzdahum: – Dar joi bad tahorat kardan.
Duvozdahum: – Degu kosaro noshusta guzoshtan.
Sezdahum: – CHomaro pushida dukhtan.
CHahordahum: – Dastu ruy bo doman pok kardan.
Ponzdahum: – CHomahoi khudro nochida guzoshtan.
SHonzdahum: – Dar khonahoi khud ankabut1 guzoshtan.
Haftdahum: – Az masjid zud baromadan.
Hajdahum: – Az soilon[30] [31] non kharidan.
Nuzdahum: – Farzandi khudro duoi bad kardan.
Bistum: – Kalomi fahsh va durug guftan.
Bistu yakum: – Modaru padarro barahna didan.
[1] Odina – chuma.
[2] Dorayn – du dunyo.
[3] Suluk – rohu ravish.
[4] Avomir – chami amr; amrho.
[5] Maqbuh – zisht, bad.
[6] Mutamatte – bahramand, bahravar.
[7] Orif – okil, dono
[8] Zay – vositai zindagy.
[9] Mavt – favt, vafot.
[10] Hub – muhabbat.
[11] Hitom – in cho ba manoi mehr.
[12] Diram – puli nukra.
[13] Qubh – badi, zishti.
[14] Matla – ogoz, shuru.
[15] Agyor – begonagon.
[16] Nokhalaf – farzandi noshoista.
[17] Tavozu – furutany.
[18] Avrod – chami vird; takrori sukhan va fikr.
[19] Muvozabat – andeshai doimy.
[20] Hamoqat – ahmaqi.
[21] SHar – bad.
[22] Amn – amniyat.
[23] Talattuf – lutfu mehruboni.
[24] Soleh – neksirat, pokdil.
[25] Nofe – naf.
[26] Dar Kitobkhonai millii ba nomi Firdavsi tahti raqami 44 bo nomi «Pandnoma»-i Hukamo mahfuz ast (dastnavis). Dar «Machma- ul-kalom» (dastnavis) «Pandnoma» ba nomi Muhammad – paygambar nisbat doda shudaast.
[27] Iflos – benavoy, muflisy, kambagaly.
[28] Molik – sohib, khuchain.
[29] CHust – chaqon, zud, tez.
[30] Ankabut – tortanak.
[31] Soil – gado.
