Psikhologiya va donishgohi psikhologi

Olami voqei, ki az ashyovu hodisaho, nabototu hayvonot, odamon va munosibathoi baynionho iborat ast, baroi hamai mo oshno va hamchunin umumiyu yagona meboshad, zero on haqiqat ast, haqiqate, ki moro ihota namudaast Dar barobari in, olami digare ham vujud dorad, ki on niz baroi har yaki mo shinos ast, valebaroi hama yagona nest, harchand az qonunho va mekha-
nizmhoi umumi iborat meboshad. In olam – olami ruhiiinson ast, ki iborat ast az fikrho, hissiyot, taassurot va digar hodisahoi ruhiyu ravoni. Hodisahoi ruhi dar hama odamon yak khel zohir meshavand, vale tarkibu muhtavoi onho dar har yak fard gunogun ast.  Hodisahoi ruhi chun hodisahoi makhsus az qadimulayyom az namudi digari hodisahoi voqeiyat farq karda
meshudand va hissi kunjkobiyu talabot ba khudshinosii odamon doimo onhoro paygiri mekard, vale murakkabi dar samti daryofti rohu usulhoi tadqiqot omuzishi onhoro gayriimkon gardonida bud. Tanho ivaz namudani nuqtai nazar ba in masala dar zamoni nav onro ba omuzishi obektivi dastras gardonid. Olami ruhii inson mohiyatan obrazi olami voqei buda, ba intiqosi oina monand ast, vale dar farqiyat az on nihoyatdaraja murakkabu faol meboshad. CHi tavre ki hodisahoi olami voqei dar asosi qonunhoi tabiat ba amal meoyand, hodisahoi olami ruhi niz qonuniyathoi khudro dorand. Qonunhoi tabiatro ilmhoi tabiatshinosi meomuzand va qonunhoi olami ruhiro boshad psikhologiya. Psikhologiya ilm dar borai konuniyathoi paydoish, taraqqiyot va zuhuroti psikhika meboshad. Istilohi «psikhologiya» (az psikhe-ruh, jon, ravon va logos-ilm, talimot) dar asri XVI ba ilm vorid
karda shudaast (Rudolf Goklenius soli 1590). Ayni zamon in mafhum asosan dar du mavrid istifoda burda meshavad. Dar mavridi avval, on ifodakunandai hodisahoi olami
ruhist, dar mavridi digar boshad, ifodakunandai ilmest, ki hodisahoi olami ruhiro mavridi omuzish qaror medihad. Mehvari umumii hardu holat hodisahoi olami ruhi meboshand, yane dar hardu mavrid in mafhum bo hodisahoi olami ruhi aloqamandi dorad. Hamin tavr, mafhumi «psikhologiya» majmui donishgohoero muttahid menamoyad, ki tavsifdhandai olami ruhii mo hastand. Donishhoi psikhologiyairo ba hayoti (gayriilmi) va ilmi judo menamoyand. Donishgohoi hayotii psikhologi jahonbinii psikhologii odamonro berun az doirai psikhologiyai kasbi muttahid mekunand. CHunin donishho dar asosi tajribai
shakhsi yo jamiyati tashakkul meyoband va az in ru bazan «psikhologiyai muqarrari» nomida meshavand. Donishhoi gayriilmii psikhologiro vobasta ba mazmunu mohiyatashon ba manfi va musbi judo namudan mumkin ast. Donishhoi manfi dar zaminai nodurust sharh dodani zuhuroti mukhtalifi psikhiki, ba ashyoho va odamon nisbat dodani khususiyathoi favqulodda, aqidahoi khurofoti, afkori stereotipi va gayra tashakkul meyoband. Manfi va zararnok budani in donishgoh dar on ifoda meyobad, ki onho na tanho boisi kajfahmiho va nodurust
marifat namudani voqeiyat meshavand, balki inchunin ba baze shakhson imkoniyat medihand, ki maqsadhoi garaznoki khudro amali namoyand. Bazan bo in maqsad donishhoi asosnokshudai psikhologi niz istifoda meshavand, ki ba tavri garaznok tahrif doda shudaand. YAke az shaklhoi donishhoi gayriilmii psikhologi parapsikhologiya meboshad, ki guyo imkoniyathoi favquloddai odam, az qabili telepatiya (darki fikri kasi digar be zohirshavii nishonahoi on), gaybdoni (dastrasnamoii malumot dar borai ashyo va hodisaho be ishtiroki uzvhoi
his), proskopiya (peshguii fikri digaron yo hodisahoi oyanda), psikhokinez (qobiliyati tasir rasonidan ba ashyo va hodisaho tavassuti quvvai fikri) va gayrahoro meomuzad. Namunai donishhoi gayriilmi, vale musbiii psikhologi «psikhologiyai ommavi» meboshad. Psikhologiyai ommavi donishhoi ilmii psikhologiro dar shakli soddavu fahmo ba ommai vasei khonandagon peshnihod namuda, az istifodai mafhumhoi kasbi va ilmii psikhologi dast mekashad. Naqshi musbii psikhologiyai ommavi dar on ifoda meyobad, ki on jahonbinii psikhologii odamonro vase namuda, boisi ba vujud omadani shavqu havas ba psikholo-
giyai ilmi megardad. Donishhoi gayriilmii psikhologi sathi buda, ba sistema darovarda nashudaand va aksaran dar tajribaho sobit nagardidaand va az in ru hodisahoi psikhikiro
asosnok karda nametavonand.