Reinjiniring to andozae hammanoi iborai «aznavmujahazgardonii tekhniki», ki dar iqtisodiyoti sobiq SHuravi istifoda mekardand, ba hisob meravad. Azbaski guzarish ba iqtisodi bozori zaruriyati istifodai mafhumhoi baynalmillalii sohaviro taqozo mekunad, binobar in onro dar shakli mavjudaash istifoda mekunem.
Azbaski mafhumi «reinjiniring» ba monandi nizomi chenkuni, omor, idorakunii sifat, bekhatarii ekologi, bahisobgirii bukhgalteri va gayraho dar sathi baynalmillali ba qolabi mayyan darovarda nashudaast, binobar in mafhumi muallifii in kategoriyaro dida mebaroem.
Reinjiniring chist?
Injiniring in jarayoni balandbardorii darajai tashkili- tekhnikii istehsolot, ki darajai raqobatpazirii jarayonro na kam az darajai raqobatpazirii voridshavii on tamin mekunad, ki tavassuti guzaronidani korhoi ilmi-tatqiqoti, ozmoishi, loihavi- konstruktori, tekhnologi va sokhtmoni amali karda meshavand. Korhoi injiniringiro tashkilotho metavonand khudashon mustaqilona va yo bo davati shirkathoi injiniringi amali kunand.
Reinjiniring in jarayoni balandbardorii darajai tashkili- tekhnikii istehsolot meboshad, ki tavassuti istifodai olothoi nozuk (vositahoi ilmi va tekhniki), injiniring va yo injiniringi nasli nav amali karda meshavand. Masalan, agar hamai vositahoi ilmii menejmenti innovatsioniro 100 % guem, pas ayni zamon tashkilotho na ziyoda az 10 % vositahoi ilmiro istifoda mekunand. Dar amaliya halli mushkilothoi kaloni strategi be istifodai in olotho gayriimkon ast.
CHi tavre, ki olimi amrikoi M. Hamler qayd mekunad, «reinjiniring in boznigarii fundamentali va aznavloihakashii purrai ravandhoi kori baroi noilshavi ba behbudshavii zud dar nishondihandahoi faoliyat ba monandi arzish, sifat, khizmatrasoni va surati rushd meboshad.
Ba in nishondihandaho gayr az in, raqobatpaziri, samaranoki, bosuboti va oyandadoriro baroi tashkilot, dar sharoiti guzarish ba bozor muhim hisobidan mumkin ast.
Mafhumi nisbatan vase va kompleksi az sohai inkishofi tashkilot in islohoti (tajdidi) farogirandai hama jabhahoi faoliyati korkhona, az jumla: tekhniki, iqtisodi, ijtimoi, akhbori, idorakuni va gayra meboshad. Samti avvali inkishofi kompleksii tashkilot dar majmu bo takmili sokhtori tashkili va usulhoi tashkili jarayonho ba maqsadhoi asosii reinjiniring dokhil meshavand. Qismati muhimi ijroi in korho istifodai usulhoi ilmii menejmenti innovatsioni meboshad.
Dar sharoiti iqtisodi bozori korkhonahoi muosir dar faoliyati khud beshtar ba prinsiphoe, ki Adam Smit dar asari poydevorii khud «Nekuahvolii millatho», ki soli 1776 chop shuda bud, istifoda mekunand. Jarayoni istehsoliro A.Smit ba faoliyathoi alohida korhoi oddi judo namudaast va dar in holat az korgar donishu malakai balandi kasbi baroi ijroi purrai kor talab karda nameshavad va vazifahoi oddiro boyad dar alohidagi yak korgar ijro namoyad. Baroi korgar zarur bud, ki vay baroi ijro kardani yak va yo yakchand amaliyothoi oddii makhsusgardonida shuda omoda boshad. Lekin in prinsiphoi peshnihod shuda dar holati istehsoloti mahsuloti yakkhelai sershumor, ki bo quvvai korgaroni ziyodi malakai pasti kasbi doshta va tajhizoti soddaro istifoda baranda faol meshavand.
Prinsiphoi dar zamoni A.Smit faoli buda ba talabothoi sanoati muosir javobgu shuda nametavonand.
YAkum, mahsulot dar zamoni hozira asosan ba guruhhoi alohidai istemolkunandagon nigaronidashuda meboshad.
Duyum, ijrokunandagon (istehsolkunandagon) boyad donishi mukammal doshta boshand va masuliyatro ba dush girifta baroi halli dar asl masalahoi mushkil ravona sozand. Seyum, bozori mahsulot dar zamoni hozira khele vaseshuda raqobat va muboriza baroi istemolkunanda purzuru shiddatnok gardidaast.
Aksari korkhonahoyu shirkathoe, ki bo tarikhi tulonii khazinadori dar bozor betashabbusand va ba goyahoi kuhnai idorakuni takya mekunand. Holo boshad, usulhoi tashkili sohibkorii muosir raftori navi munosib ba bozorro talab mekunad, ki ba tavri purra afzaliyathoi tekhnologiyai navin va zakhirahoi insoni istifoda shavand. In raftor, munosibat ba faoliyati sohibkori hamchun asosi injiringi biznes-jarayon baromad mekunad. Samti muhim va asosii injiringro reinjiring yo bozsozii korkhonaho, tashkilotho, shirkathoi amalkunanda tashkil medihad.
Reinjiringi biznes-jarayonhoi korkhonaho dar holate amali gardonida meshavand, ki zaruriyati qabuli qarori asosnokkardashuda oidi aznavtashkilkunii faoliyat ba miyon meoyad. YAne dar holate, ki korkhona masalahoi az nav tashkil dodani faoliyati sohibkori, ivaz namudani sokhtori idorakuni, piyoda kardani loihahoi innovatsioni va gayraro ba maddi avval meguzorad. Korkhonae, ki baroi dar bozor joy va maqomi khudro nigoh doshtan mekushad boyad tekhnologiyai istehsol va usulhoi tashkili jarayonhoi koriro doimo takmil dihad.
Dar in holat korkhona ba konsalting murojiat mekunad, chunki vay ba tajribai guzashta, mubohisai qarorhoi tayor kardashudai maqul donista shudai mutakhassison, usuli qiyosi, muqoisai andeshaho asos yoftaast. Inchunin faoliyati muhandisiro niz ham chun rohi alternativi istifoda kardan mumkin ast. CHunin raftor baroi giriftani natija dar sharoiti rioya namudani qoidaho va usulhoi istifodabarii vositahoi reinjiring kafolat medihad. Vay baroi nazorati ba purragi nazoratshavii qarorhoi peshnihodshuda va bahodihii sifati onho imkoniyat medihad.
Reinjiring hamchun tarzi navi darki aznavtashkilkunii jarayonhoi kori baroi noil shudan ba nishondihandahoi balandi faoliyati korkhona, az on jumla, past kardani arzishi asli, bolo burdani sifati mahsulot va khizmatrasoniho baromad mekunad.
Dar zaminai ibtidoii reinjiring dar nazdi korkhona halli masalahoi intikhobi maqsad, marom va rohhoi ba dast ovardani natijai faoliyat meistad. Az in lihoz mutakhassisoni korkhona boyad qoidahoi jori va tashkili faoliyati sohibkoriro, ki ba peshburdi kor monea meshavand, tajdidi nazar kunand.
Reinjiring az nav tashkilkunii qatii nizomi amalkunandaro, ki dar asosi on komilan usulhoi navi ijro kardani korho mefahmonad. Vay dar holathoe istifoda karda meshavad, ki digargunihoi kulli va boloravii yakbora ziyodi (500-1000% va ziyodtar) nishondihandahoi faoliyati shirkat bo rohi ivaz namudani usulhoi kuhnai idorakuni ba usulhoi navin.
Metavon se shakli shirkathoro judo namud, ki dar onho reinjiring zarur va ba maqsad muvofiq meboshad:
YAkum, shirkathoe, ki dar holati muflisshavi qaror dorand. In holat bo sababi nisbatan az raqibon baland budani narkh va pastbudani sifati molho, khizmatrasoniho bar meoyad. Agar in shakl shirkatho reinjiringro istifoda nabarand onho noguzir muflis meshavand.
Duyum, shirkathoe, ki dar lahzai hozira mushkili nadorand, vale noguzirii paydoishi problemahoi mushkil halshavandaro vobasta, masalan bo paydo shudani raqiboni nav, tagyiroti talabothoi mizojon, tagyiroti muhiti iqtisodi va gayraho peshbini mekunand.
Seyum, shirkathoe, ki dar lahzai hozira problemahoi dar oyanda peshguishavanda nadorand. Ba in shakl shirkathoi peshrafta, ki siyosati samaranoki marketingiro piyoda mesozandu az vazi on qanoatmand nestand va niyat dorand bo yorii reinjiring ba nishondihandahoi behtar sohib shavand.
Ba hamin tariq, vazifahoi reinjiring bo vazifahoi innovatsiya, yane azkhudkunii navovariho baroi tamini raqobatnokii mahsulot va dar bozor mavqei khudro ustuvor kardan meboshad. Tajribai istifodabarii reinjiringi biznes-jarayon nishon medihad, ki vay na tanho zarur ast, balki usuli muhimi faol gardonidani faoliyati innovatsionii tashkilotu korkhonaho ba shumor meravad.