Agar kase ruzaro dar vaktash nagirad, boyad ruzhoi digare ba joi
on ruza bigirad. On ruzae, ki pas az mohi Ramazon ba ivazi on ba jo
ovarda meshavad, «ruzai kazo» nom dorad. Koi ruzai mohi Ramazon
bo oyati savm sobit shudaast, on jo ki mefarmoyad: «Kase az shumo bemor
va yo dar safar boshad, pas (bar onkho ruzai) chand ruzi digar ast».
Koi ruza ba du nav ast: kazoi shari va kazoi amdi. Manzur az
kazoi shari on ast, ki shariati Islom dar holathoi makhsuse ba khur-
dani ruza ijozat dodaast va pas az bartaraf gardidani on holatho
kazoi onro vojib gardonidaast. In kor tanho baroi shash guruhi
odamon: a) bemoron, b) musofiron, v) piramardoni bemador, g) pira-
zanoni notavon, d) zanoni bordor va j) zanoni shirdekh, sharan ijozat
doda shudaast va onho bo khurdani ruza dar on holatho gunohe namegi-
rand, balki khilofi on gunoh ast.
Kuroni karim dar in bora mefarmoyad: «Va kase az shumo bemor
va yo dar safar boshad, (metavonad ruzaro iftor namoyad va ba joi on)
chand ruzi digarro (pas az barqaror shudani salomati va bargashtan az
safar) ruza bidorad. Hudo baroi shumo osoniro mekhokhad va dushvoriro
baroyaton namekhokhad». Hamchunin mefarmoyad: «Va bar kasone, ki ru-
zaro bo sakhti doshta metavonand, ba andozai taomi yak miskin fidya do-
dan ast». In oyat binobar rivoyati Ibni Abbos (r) chor guruhi akhir-
ro dar bar megirad.
Dar gayri in suratho, agar kase didavu donista va yo az rui sah-
langori va be hej guna uzre ruzaro bikhurad, on gunohi kabira ba shu-
mor meravad. Boyad az in korash tavbavu istigfor namoyad va harchi zu-
dtar kazoi onro ba joy ovarad. Inro kazoi amdi meguyand.
Dar kazo doshtani ruza pay dar pay giriftani on shart nest. Agar
bikhohad onro pay dar pay ba joy ovarad va agar ham khosta boshad ju-
do-judo ruza bigirad. Vale, be uzre ba takhir andokhtani on gunoh ast
va boyad harchi zudtar ba jo ovarda shavad.
Dar surate ruzai kazoro to mohi muboraki Ramazoni soli badi
ba takhir andokht, avval boyad ruzai mohi muboraki Ramazonro girif-
ta, bad az on ruzai kazoi soli guzashtaashro ba jo ovarad. Baroi in
kor bar vay fidya lozim namegardad.
Kase hanuz ruzai kazoro ba jo nayovarda, margash faro rasad, az
Hudovand talabi omurzish namuda, baroi valii (sohib va vorisi) khesh
vasiyat kunad, to baroi har ruzash yak miskinro taom dihad.
Baroi giriftani ruzahoi kazoy tartibi tarikhie muayyan nashu-
da, vale agar kazoi du Ramazon bar zimmaash boshad, dar in surat mu-
ayyan namudani solu moh lozim ast.
Dar ruzai kazoy niyat az shab shart ast. Agar bad az damidani
subh niyat kunad, ruzaash nafl hisob meshavad va kafforatro niz ha-
min hukm ast.
Agar chand ruz ruzaro kazo karda boshad, ikhtiyor dorad, ki kazoi
onhoro pay dar pay bigirad yo judo-judo.
SHakhse dar mohi Ramazon niyati ruza karda behush gardad va in ho-
lati vay az se ruz beshtar idoma paydo namoyad, hamagy du ruzro boyad
kazoy bigirad. Agar dar shab behush shavad, niz du ruz kazo bigirad.
Magar in, ki dar shab niyati ruza nakarda boshad yo subh ba halqash do-
ru rekhta boshand, dar in surat har se ruzro kazoy bigirad. Agar tamo-
mi mohro hamchunon behush monad, boyad hamai mohro kazo ba jo ova-
rad. Ammo, agar devona shavad, muddati devonagy ba har andozae bo-
shad, kazoy nadorad.
Zanhoe, ki dar mohi Ramazon kurshoi (tabletka) mani haml (zid-
di bordory) mekhurand va tamomi mohi Ramazon hayz namebinand,
ruzai tamomi on mohi onho durust ast.
Инчунин кобед
Sokhti guruhhoi khurd
Zeri mafhumi sokhti guruhi khurd, sokht va khususiyathoi mavjudai mu- nosibathoi baynihamdigarii azo- yoni on …