Sohahoi ilmi psikhologiya

Psikhologiya dar zamoni muosir khudro hamchun ilmi mutaraqqi muar-
rifi namudaast. Az on sohahoi
beshumor judo shuda, har yake dar samti khud to andozae mu-
staqilona tadqiqoti ilmi mebarad. Surati tashakkuli
in ilm imkoniyat dodaast, ki taqriban dar har 4 – 5 sol
samt yo sohai navi on ba vujud meoyad. Hamai inro ba nazar
girifta istoda, mesazad, ki na dar borai psikhologiya
hamchun yak ilm, balki hamchun kompleksi ilmhoi psikho-
logi sukhan ronem.
YAkchand kushishhoi tasnifoti sohahoi ilmhoi psikho-
logi mavjudand. Namoyandai muosiri psikhologiyai rus
R.S. Nemov tamomi sohahoi in ilmro ba sohahoi funda-
mentali, amali, umumi va makhsus judo menamoyad. Ba
aqidai vay, sohahoi fundamentali yo bazavii psikhologiya
dar fahmish va sharh dodani raftori odamon novobasta az
ki va ba kadom faoliyat mashgul budanashon ahamiyati bu-
zurg dorand. Sohahoi amali gufta, u sohahoero menomad,
ki dastovardhoi onho dar amaliya istifoda meshavand.
Sohahoi umumi masalahoi baroi tamomi sohaho muhim-
ro paydo va hal menamoyand va sohahoi makhsus boshand
masalahoero barrasi mekunand, ki ba omuzishi yak yo
guruhi hodisaho ravona gashtaand.
Dar ilmi muosir tasnifoti peshnihodnamudai psi-
khologi shinokhtai rus A.R. Petrovskiy niz vase dar is-
tifoda qaror dorad. Vay dar tasnifoti sohahoi psikholo-
giya se meyori asosiro ba etibor megirad: 
a) faoliyati mushakhkhas;
b) inkishofi psikhika;
v) munosibati shakhs va jamiyat.
Agar meyori avvalro ba etibor girem, pas yak qator
sohahoro judo namudan mumkin ast, ki masalahoi psikho-
logii namudi mushakhkhasi faoliyati odamro meomuzand,
az qabili: psikhologiyai pedagogi, psikhologiyai tibbi,
psikhologiyai huquq, psikhologiyai sudi, psikhologiyai harbi,
psikhologiyai muhandisi va mehnat, psikhologiyai varzish va
gayra.
Agar hangomi tasnifot janbahoi psikhologii ta-
raqqiyotu inkishofro ba nazar girem, on goh chunin sohaho
ba miyon meoyand: psikhologiyai muqoisavi yo zoopsikhologiya,
psikhologiyai sinnusoli.
Hangomi ba etibor giriftani janbahoi psikholo-
gii munosibat du shokhai sohahoro farq namudan mumkin
ast: psikhologiyai fard va psikhologiyai ijtimoi.
Ba sifati sohai umumiyatdihanda va muttahidso-
zandai in kompleksi ilmhoi psikhologi psikhologiyai umu-
miro farq kardan mumkin ast.
Psikhologiyai umumi maalahoi metodologii
tadqiqoti psikhologi, tarikhi psikhologiya, qonuniyathoi
umumii taraqqiyotu zuhuroti psikhika va masalakhoi diga-
ri baroi hamai sohahoi psikhologiya umumiro mavridi
omuzish qaror medihad. Psikhologiyai umumi har yak shakli
zuhuroti psikhika: ravand, holat, khususiyat va har yak zuhu-
roti mushakhkhasi psikhologiro dar alohidagi va dar
aloqamandi bo zuhuroti digari psikhologi meomuzad.
Sohahoi digari ilmi psikhologiyaro chunin tavsif
namudan mumkin ast:
Psikhologiyai pedagogi. On masalahoi psikhologii
ravandi talimu tarbiyaro dida mebaroyad, psikhologiyai
khonanda va muallimro omukhta istoda, usulhoi samara-
bakhshi peshnihodi dars va rohhoi behtarini azkhudnamoii
onro tavsiya medihad. Psikhologiyai pedagogi dar navbati
khud, az zersohahoi psikhologiyai talim, psikhologiyai tar-
biya, psikhologiyai muallim, psikhologiyai korhoi talimi-
tarbiyavi bo kudakoni anomali tarkib yoftaast.
Psikhologiyai tibbi. In soha masalahoi munosibati
bayni bemoru tabib, muhiti psikhologii bemorkhona, psi-
khologiyai kormandi tib va bemoroni gunogunro omukhta,
zersohahoi zerinro dar bar megirad: neyropsikhologiya yo
psikhofiziologiya, psikhofarmakologiya, psikhoterapiya,
psikhoprofilaktika va psikhogigiena.
Psikhologiyai huquq masalahoi psikhologii vobasta
ba amaligardii sistemai huquqro mavridi barrasi qaror
medihad. On az zersohahoi psikhologiyai sudi, psikhologiyai
kriminali va psikhologiyai penitensiari yo psikhologiyai
islohoti mehnati iborat ast.
Psikhologiyai harbi raftori odamro dar sharoiti
amaliyoti jangi, masalahoi psikhologii khizmati harbi,
munosibati bayni askaronu afsaron, usulhoi psikhologii
tashviqu targib, aksultashviqot, masalahoi psikhologii
idorai tekhnikai harbi va gayraro meomuzad.
Psikhologiyai mehnat va muhandisi khususiyathoi psi-
khologii namudhoi mukhtalifi faoliyat, masalahoi in-
tikhobi takhassus, jobajoguzorii kadrho, muhiti psikholo-
gii korkhona, kor bo dastgohhoi gunogun, sharoiti kor va
gayraro dida mebaroyad. On bo sohahoi digari psikholo-
giya, ba monandi psikhologiyai tashkhisi mehnat, psikholo-
giyai malumoti kasbi – tekhniki, psikhologiyai tashkili
ilmii mehnat va psikhologiyai havonavardi alaqai zich do-
rad.
Psikhologiyai varzish khususiyathoi psikhologii shakhsi-
yat va faoliyati varzishgaron, sharoit va vositahoi psi-
khologii tayyorii onho, omilhoi psikhologii aloqamand bo
tashkil va guzaronidani musobiqahoi varzishiro
meomuzad.
Psikhologiyai savdo. In soha sharoithoi psikhologii
tasiri reklama, khususiyathoi infirodi va sinnusolii
ehtiyojot, omilhoi psikhologii khizmatrasoni ba mizojon,
masalahoi psikhologii mud va monandi inhoro mavridi
barrasi qaror medihad.
Psikhologiyai ejodiyoti ilmi khususiyathoi shakhsiyati
ejodkor yo kashshof, omilhoi angezandai faolii ejodi,
naqshi farosat (intuitsiya) dar amalinamoii kashfiyoti
ilmiro meomuzad. Dar tarkibi in soha evristikaro farq
mekunand, ki vazifai on az omuzishi qonuniyathoi jara-
yonhoi evristikii faoliyati ejodi va korkardi metodhoi
idoranamoii ravandi evristiki iborat ast.
Psikhologiyai ejodiyoti badei masalahoi psikhologii
ejodiyotro dar sohahoi adabiyot va sanat dida mebaroyad.
Psikhologiyai tarbiyai akhloqi. In soha niz beshubha
ahamiyati muhimro sohib ast, vale ayni hol nisbatan kam
omukhta shudaast.
Psikhologiyai sinnusoli ontogenezi jarayonhoi mukhta-
lifi psikhiki va khususiyathoi psikhologii odami muta-
raqqiro omukhta istoda, ba psikhologiyai kudakon, psikho-
logiyai navras, psikhologiyai davrai javoni, psikhologiyai
davrai kamolot va gerontopsikhologiya judo meshavad.
Psikhologiyai tashakkuli anomali yo psikhologiyai makh-
sus az chunin qismatho tarkib yoftaast: patopsikhologiya, ki
tamoyulhoro dar inkishofi psikhiki meomuzad; oligofre-
nopsikhologiya, ki patologiyai inkishofi psikhikii
aloqamand bo noqisihoi modarzodii magzro barrasi me-
kunad; surdopsikhologiya, ki psikhologiyai tashakkuli kuda-
kro hangomi noqisihoi uzvi shunavoi meomuzad va tiflo-
psikhologiya, ki psikhologiyai inkishofi sustbinoyon va
nobinoyonro mavridi omuzish qaror medihad.
Psikhologiyai muqoisavi yo zoopsikhologiya sohai ilmi
psikhologiya meboshad, ki masalahoi vobasta ba namudhoi
filogenetikii hayoti psikhikiro barrasi namuda, psikhi-
kai hayvon va odamro bo maqsadi daryofti qonuniyat va
mekhanizmhoi inkishofi tarikhii psikhika muqoisa mena-
moyad.
Psikhologiyai ijtimoi zuhuroti psikhikiero
meomuzad, ki dar jarayoni hamkorii odamon dar guruhhoi
mukhtalifi mutashakkilu nomutashakkili ijtimoi ba
vujud meoyand. Ba sokhtori psikhologiyai ijtimoi dar ayni
zamon se guruhi masalaho shomiland: zuhuroti ijtimoi –
psikhologi dar guruhhoi kalon (makromuhit); zuhuroti
ijtimoi – psikhologi dar guruhhoi khurd (mikromuhit); va
zuhuroti ijtimoi – psikhologii shakhsiyati odam (psikholo-
giyai ijtimoii shakhsiyat).
Psikhologiyai fardiyat zuhuroti psikhikii ba fard
khosbudaro meomuzad.
Psikhologiyai genetiki mekhanizmhoi irsii psikhika va
raftor, vobastagii onhoro az genotip dida mebaroyad.
Psikhologiyai tafriqavi farqiyati infirodii oda-
mon, zaminahoi onho dar jarayoni shaklgiri va gayraro
barrasi menamoyad.
Psikhologiyai menejment yo psikhologiyai idorakuni
masalahoi psikhologii idorai namudhoi mukhtalifi
faoliyati ijtimoi va istehsoli, psikhologiyai rohbari va
shakhsiyati rohbar, inchunin psikhologiyai muoshirati kori-
ro mavridi omuzish qaror medihad.
Qayd namudan lozim ast, ki psikhologiya dar tamomi
sohahoi khud predmeti tadqiqotiashro hifz menamoyad va
bo vujudi sershokha budan ba mustaqiliyatu yagonagiash kha-
lale vorid namesozad.