Toj.su
Talabot zaminayu sarchashmai fao-
lii odam meboshad. Odamon vobasta ba zarurat va niyozma-
ndi namudhoi mukhtalifi faoliyatro amali megardo-
nand. Talabot sababi inkishofi organizm, fard, shakhs va
umumiyati ijtimoi buda,baroi bunyodi amaligardii sha-
roithoi baroi mavjudiyati inson zarur imkoniyat
medihad. SHaroithoi baroi inkishofi odam hayotan
muhimro ba se guruh taqsim mekunand:
- sharoithoi baroi hayot va inkishofi odam hamchun
organizmi tabii zarur (talaboti tabii yo khud organiki az
hamin barmeoyad); - sharoithoi baroi hayot va inkishofi odam hamchun
fard, va hamchun baroi namoyandai avlodi odami (sharo-
itho baroi muoshirat, marifat, mehnat) zarur; - sharoithoi baroi hayot va inkishofi odam hamchun
shakhs, baroi qonegardonii sistemai farokhi talabothoi
u zarur.
Talabot – in az tarafi inson ehsos namudani za-
rurat ba sharoiti muayyani hayoti va inkishof meboshad.
Talabothoi nisbatan muhimu asosi, raviyai faoli-
yati psikhikii odam – hissiyot, tafakkur, iroda va sistemai
hissii uro muayyan mekunand.
Talabothoi odam gunogun meshavad. Vobasta ba
namudhoi asosii faolii odam talabothoro ba guruhhoi
zerin judo mekunand:
- talabothoi bo mehnat aloqamandand buda, yane ta-
labothoi ba ofarinish aloqamand; - talabothoi bo inkishof payvand buda, yane talabot
ba bozi, donishomuzi, yoddihi; - talabothoe, ki bo muoshirati ijtimoi, hammonand-
kunii ijtimoi aloqamand, yanetalaboti akhloqi va
manavi.
Hamai in talabotho doroi tabiati ijtimoi buda,
dar jomeai muayyani odami ba vujud meoyand va az in ru
talaboti sotsiogeni nomida meshavand.
Ilova bar in, doirai kaloni talabothoi odamro ta-
labothoi biologii u tashkil medihand. In talabotho
biogeni (vitali, az lotini ^ka -hayot) nomguzori shudaand
va ba onho shomiland:
- talabot ba amniyatu khudnigohdori;
- talabot ba az nav barqarorkunii quvva va faolii
harakati; - talabot ba omoda budan dar bartaraf namudani
moneaho (yake az sohahoi amalishavii in talabot yoddihi va
bozii jismoni meboshad); - talabot ba idomati naslu avlod (rasmi 9).
Rasmi 9. «Ahromi Maslou» – naqshai vobastagii ierarkhii
talaboti odam muvofiqi A.H. Maslou
Abrakham Harold Maslou (1908-1970) psikhologi ame-
rikoi buda, konsepsiyai tadqiqi sistemavii psikhologii
shakhsro peshnihod namud. Maslou sokhti maromhoi shakhsro
(«Marom va shakhs», 1954) ravshannamud va ba andeshai u
talabothoi oli samti raftori odamro ba on andozae mu-
ayyan mekunand, ki ba hamon andoza talaboti darajai nis-
batan pasttari u qone gardonda meshavand.
Dar hole ki kulli talabothoi ijtimoi faqat dar
ravandi tarbiya ba vujud meoyand, talaboti tabii, organi-
kii odam be tashakkuli makhsus paydo meshavand. Bo vujudi
in, hatto talabothoi organikii odam ham duchori jome-
ashavi megardand. Vobasta az on ki talabotho bo kadom
arzishhoi ijtimoi aloqamandand, darajahoi gunoguni
onho-oli va sif pastro farq mekunand.
Raftorhoi ziddiijtimoi az hududi talabothoi
aqloni berun meshavand. Talabothoi gayriaqloni ba in-
kishofi talabothoi darajaashon nisbatan balandtar sad-
di roh meshavand. Faqat zahmati subotkoronai shakhs va
tamomi jomea dar jodai afzudani talabot metavonad ta-
labothoi gayriaqliro (ba haddi ifrot rasidani chizpa-
rasti, kutohnazari va manfiatjuyi) mahdud namoyad.
Talabothoi mardum az sathi tarikhan tashakkulyo-
ftai istehsolot va istemolot, az darajai hayoti odam,
anana va zavqu ragbathoi dar hamon guruhi ijtimoi
hukmronbuda vobastaast.
Dar farqiyat az hayvonot, ki doroi doirai ustuvori
talabot meboshand, talabothoi odam (ba andozai imkoni-
yathoi istehsolii u) payvasta inkishof meyoband.
Hamai talabotho doroi raviya, boshiddati, silsila-
nok meboshand. Talabot az nuqtai nazari neyrofiziologi
zimni ba vujudoii dominantahoi tashakkul meyobad. Do-
minanta barangezishi ustuvori mekhanizmhoi muayyani
magzi sar ast, ki amalhoi zarurii raftorro tashkil va
tanzim mekunad.
Talabotho dar ravandi qone gardonidanashon ustu-
vor megardand. Talabothoi qoneshuda avval khomush me-
shavand, bad az nav bo shiddat paydo megardand. Tala-
bothoi zaif dar ravandi chandinbora qone shudanashon
nisbatan ustuvor meshavand.
Talabotho dar on mavride asosi amali raftor me-
gardand, ki agar baroi qone gardonidanashon vositakho
va sharoitho (ashyoi faoliyat, oloti faoliyat, donish va
tarzi amaliyot) mavjud boshand yo sokhta shavand. Har qadar
vositahoi qonegardonii hamin talabot gunogunrang
boshand, hamon qadar onho ustuvortar megardand.
Talabot mekhanizmi mutobiqshavii psikhikaro mua-
yyan mekunad.
Obekthoi voqeiyat dar in mavrid hamchun sharthoi
imkonpaziri (yo moneshavandai) qonegardonii talabot
inikos meyoband.
Paydoishi talabothoi muhimi zaruri, va qonegar-
dii onho psikhikaro baroi guzorishi maqsadi muayyan vo-
dor menamoyad. Dar in mavrid tasiroti beruni bo maro-
mi bartaridoshtai raftori fard dar aloqamandi mebo-
shad.
