Toj.su
Justan va talabi ruyati hilol az begohi ruzi bistunuhumi mohi shabon vojibi kifoya ast. Binobar in, namoyandagoni rasmii din va peshvoyoni Islom dar har davru zamone baroi on talosh mekardand. Syuty dar «Husnul muhozara» ovardaast: Avvalin kase, ki ba didani hiloli mohi Ramazon dar Misr baromadaast, kozi Gavs ibni Sulaymon (v. 168 h.) bud.
Hamchunin gufta shudaast, ki Abdullokh, ibni Lahiqa avvalin qozii misriest, ki dar mintaqai Jiza ba didani hilol baromadaast. Dar zamoni Hishom ibni Abubakr az pul guzashta, dar boghoi Ibni Abuhubaysh ba ruyati hilol mepardokhtand. Badho dar domanaikuhi Mukattam dar nazdi jomei Abud didbone bo nomi didboni qoziyon sokhta budand, ki baroi didani hilol ba on jo mebaromadand.
Dar Kuroni karim ba tanovuli khurmo, bakhusus dar asnoi zoymon, tavsiya namudaast, on jo ki ba Maryam mefarmoyad: «Va shokhai khurmoro ba sui khud takon bideh., khurmoi tozae bar tu merezad, pas az on bikhur va binush va khush bosh!». Rasuli Hudo (s) ham dust medosht, ki ruzaro bo chand khurmoi toza va yo khushk bikushoyad va in amr hikmathoi ziyode dar khud dosht, ki ilmi tibbi muosir porae az onro kashf namudaast. Ozmoishhoi laboratori nishon medihand, ki har sad gramm khurmo dar tarkibi khud 65 mg. kalsiy, 72 mg. fosfor, 1,5 mg. ohan dorad va in tarkiboti mineralii ishqory medaro az turshihoi ziyod va jismro az zahrhoi pasmonda toza mekunand.
Arzishi har sad gramm khurmo ba 352 kilokaloriya barobar ast. Hamchunin sobit shudaast, ki khurmo az vitamini «A» boy buda, narm-kunandai khubi tabii ba shumor meravad, qabzi medaro bartaraf mesozad, mushakhoi jism va asabhoro taqviyat mekunad, tarovati badanro hifz menamoyad va baroi dasgohi guvorishi zaif nofe ast. On baroi odamoni duchori kamkhuni, bemorihoi sina, zanoni bordor va kudakon bisyor mufid ast. Hurmo va nushokihoi mevagi khuroki taqriban omoda – hazmshuda ba shumor meoyand va munosibtarinho baroi iftor meboshand.
Badan niyozhoi khudro dar zarfi chand daqiqa az onho tamin menamoyad, dar hole ki baroi hazm va korkardi digar anvoi khurdaniho zamoni beshtare sarf meshavad. Agar dar zamoni Rasuli Hudo (s) dar mohi Ramazon baroi saharikhuri va damidani subh du azon doda meshud, dar davrai Abbosiyon pesh az subhchamoe dar kuyu barzan megashtand va bo sadoi baland: Hezed, khezed meguftand. Az on jo ki onho mardumro bo iborai «kumu» va «kumo» sado mekardand, ba jamoai «Qumu» va «Kuo» mashhur gashta budand.
Dar jomei Misr muazzinon pas az azoni saharikhuri bo sadoi baland: Kulu vashrabu (bikhured va binushed!) meguftand va in baythoro mekhondand:
Ayyuha-n-nuvvom, kumu lil falokh,
Vazkurulloha-l-lazy ajra-r-riyoh!
Inna chaysha-l-layli kad vallo va rokh,
Va tadono askarussubkhi va loh!
Ishrabu ajlo, faqad joa-s-saboh!
Muhammad ibni Ahmad maruf ba Ibni CHubayr (540-614/1145-1217) – sayyoh va safarnomanigori mashhuri arab dar asri duvozdah dar borai saharikhurii akhli Makka ovardast: «Muazzin az boloi mizanae, ki dar rukni sharkii Masjidulharom voqe bud, bo sadoi baland mardumro ba saharikhury davat mekard va du navjavon niz bo u hamovoz meshudand. Vale chun sadoi onho ba mahallahoi durtar namerasid, khodai darozero, ki dar nugi on takhtachubi amudie bo du kandili furuzon nasb shuda bud, az boloi on mebardoshtand va mardum bodidani onho saharikhuriro idoma medodand.
Hamin ki subh, medamid, qandilhoro darhol poin meovardand va sadoi azoni subh niz az hartaraf baland meshud. Muhammad ibni Abdulloh maruf ba Ibni Batuta (703-779/1304-1377), ki taqriban yak asr bad az Ibni Jubayr guzashtaast, dar sa-farnomai khud hamin chizro az akhli Makka guzorish dodaast. Guftanist, ki hayati donishmandoni shahri Kembrij Ibni Batutaro dar kitobhoyashon amiri sayyohoni tarikhnigor dar bayni musalmonon nomidaand.
Vaqte hiloli mohi Ramazon tulu mekard, on shab dar Masjidulharom chashne barpo megardid, dar nazdi amiri Makka tablho zadameshud, buryohoi masjid ivaz karda meshudand va dar on shamho va charogon afrukhta meshudand. SHabi idi Ramazon ba monandi shabi bistu haftumi on dar tamomi sathi haram, manorahoi on va sathi masjide, ki dar boloi kuhi Abuqubays voqe bud, shamho va kandilho afrukhta meshudand. Muazzinon on shabro to subh ba takbiru tahlil va zikru tasbeh va ommai mardum ba tavofu namoz va zikru duo barpo medoshtand.
Pas az adoi namozi bomdod shitobon ba khonaho bargashta, liboshoi idona mepushidand va baroi adoi namozi id dubora ba masjid meomadand. Avvalin kase ba haram vorid meshud, bani SHayba – hojiboni khonai Hudo budand. Dari khonai Kabaro mekushodand va buzurgi qabila dar ostonai dari on va digaron dar peshash menishastand, to on ki amiri Makka meomad. Dar mohi Ramazon chorabinihoi farhangi va barnomahoi purbori manavie az sui shar peshbini shudaand, ki ba fard shakhsiyat va jomea huviyat mebakhshand. Binobar in, mardumi musalmon dar tuli tarikhi nazdik ba yakunim hazorsolai farhangi islomyi mohi Ramazonro ba shukuhi khose istiqbol namudaand.
Tamomi chorabinihoi digarrodar on kanor guzoshta, dar du sathi mardumi va davlati ba barpoii barnomahoi ibodati va tadorukoti khosi in moh pardokhtaand. Mahfilhoi ilm, halkahoi dars va nizomiyaho dar umum va yo ba tavri nisbi tatil elon shuda va mardum ba tilovati Quron, ibodat, kumaku dastgirii qishrhoi gunoguni jomea va digar barnomahoi khudsozi va tazkiyai nafs mashgul meshudand.
Rivoyat shuda, ki Ibni Abbos (r) dar mohi Ramazon darsi tafsir
va hadisro kanor meguzosht va ba tilovati Kuron mashgul meshud. Imom Molik (rkh,) niz dar on halqai darsi hadisro tatil mekard va ba tilovati Quron va tadabbur dar oyathoi on mepardokht. Imom SHofei boshad, dar mohi Ramazon Kuronro shast bor khatm mekard.
Imruz niz dar kishvari Malayziya dar mohi Ramazon soathoi kor dar muassisahoi davlati kam karda meshavand va dar shahri Kuala-lampur (Kuala-Lumpur) – poytakhti kishvar dar sathhoi iqlimi va davlati az sui hukumat musobiqahoi khifz va tilovati Quron barguzor megardand. Dar kishvarhoi Bangladesh, Jibuti, Burkinafaso, Banin va baze kishvarhoi digari islomi ba munosibati mohi Ramazon maktabho tatil meshavand va dar baze kishvarhoi digar az soathoi darsi kohish doda meshavad. Avvalin bor az sadoi tup (silohi otashbor, pushka) baroi ogoh
namudani mardum ba farorasii vaqti iftor soli 859 hijry dar shahri Kohira istifoda shudaast.
Guftaand, ki ba sultoni mamlukho Hushqadam tupe tuhfa shud va avvalin ozmoishi on ba begohi ruzi avvali Ramazon vaqti iftor rost omad. Mardum az in hodisa khushnud gardida, marotibi siposi kheshro ba sulton rasonidand. Sulton niz az istiqboli onho ba vajd omad va sadoi tupi saharikhuri va tupi imsok va yo damidani subhro niz bar on afzud.
