CHakidahoe az tarikhi ruza

Justan va talabi ruyati hilol az begohi ruzi bistu nuhumi mohi shabon vojibi kifoya ast. Binobar in, namoyandagoni rasmiidin va peshvoyoni Islom dar har davru zamone baroi on talosh mekardand. Syuty dar «Husnul muhozara» ovardaast: Avvalin kase, ki ba di-dani hiloli mohi Ramazon dar Misr baromadaast, kozy Gavs ibni Sulaymon (v. 168 h.) buda. Hamchunin gufta shuda, ki Abdullokh, ibni La-kh,iqa avvalin kozii misriest, ki dar mintakai Jiza ba didani hilol
baromadaast.Dar zamoni Hishom ibni Abubakr az pul guzashta, dar boghoiIbni Abuhubaysh ba ruyati hilol mepardokhtand. Badho dar domanaikuhi Mukattam dar nazdi jomei Abud didbone bo nomi didboni kozi-yon sokhta budand,ki
baroi didani hilol ba on jo mebaromadand. s Kuroni karim ba tanovuli khurmo, ba khusus dar asnoi zoymon,
tavsiya namudaast, on jo ki ba Maryam mefarmoyad: «Va shokhai khurmoroba sui khud takon bidekh., khurmoi tozae bar tu merezad, pas az on bikhur vabinush va khush bosh!». Rasuli Hudo (s) ham dust medosht, ki ruzaro bochand khurmoi toza va yo khushk bikushoyad va in amr hikmathoi ziyode darkhud doshta, ki ilmi tibbi muosir porae az onro kashf namudaast.Ozmoishhoi laboratory nishon medihand, ki har sad gramm khurmodar tarkibi khud 65 mg. kalsiy, 72 mg. fosfor, 1,5 mg. ohan dorad va intarkiboti mineralii ishkory medaro az turshihoi ziyod va jismro azzahrhoi pasmonda toza mekunand. Arzishi ioii har sad gramm khurmoba 352 kilokaloriya barobar ast.Hamchunin sobit shuda, ki hurmo az vitamini A any buda, narm-kunandai khubi tabiy ba shumor meravad, kabzi medaro bartaraf me-sozad, mushakhoi jism va asabhoro takviyat mekunad, tarovati badanrohifz menamoyad va baroi dasgohi guvorishi zaif nofe ast. On baroiodamoni duchori kamkhuny, bemorihoi sina, zanoni bordor va kudakonbisyor mufid ast.Hurmo va nushokihoi mevagy khuroki takriban omoda – hazmshudaba shumor meoyand va munosibtarin io baroi iftor meboshand. Ba-dan niyozhoi ioii khudro dar zarfi chand daqiqa az onho tamin me-
namoyad, dar hole ki baroi hazm va korkardi digar anvoi khurdanihozamoni beshtare sarf meshavad.Agar dar zamoni Rasuli Hudo (s) dar mohi Ramazon baroi saha-rikhury va damidani subh du azon doda meshud, dar davrai Abbosiyon pesh az subhchamoe dar kuyu barzan megashtand va bo sadoi baland: Hezed, khezedmeguftand. Az on jo ki onho mardumro bo iborai «kumu» va «kumo» sadomekardand, ba jamoai «Qumu» va «Kuo» mashhur gashta budand.Dar jomei Misr muazzinon pas az azoni saharikhury bo sadoi ba-land: Kulu vashrabu (bikhured va binushed!) meguftand va in baythoromekhondand:Ayyuha-n-nuvvom, kumu lil falokh,,Vazkurulloha-l-lazy ajra-r-riyoh!Inna chaysha-l-layli kad vallo va rokh,,Va tadono askarussubkhi va loh!Ishrabu ajlo, faqad joa-s-saboh! Muhammad ibni Ahmad maruf ba Ibni CHubayr (540-614/1145-1217) – sayyoh va safarnomanigori mashhuri arab dar asri duvozdah dar borai saharikhurii akhli Makka ovardast: «Muazzin az boloi mi-
zanae, ki dar rukni sharkii Masjidulharom voke bud, bo sadoi ba-land mardumro ba saharikhury davat mekard va du navjavon niz bo uhamovoz meshudand. Vale chun sadoi onho ba mahallahoi durtar name-rasid, khodai darozero, ki dar nugi on takhtachubi amudie bo du kandi-li furuzon nasb shuda bud, az boloi on mebardoshtand va mardum bodidani onho saharikhuriro idoma medodand. Hamin ki subkh, medamid,kandilhoro darhol poin meovardand va sadoi azoni subh niz az hartaraf baland meshud. Muhammad ibni Abdulloh maruf ba Ibni Batuta (703-779/1304-1377), ki takriban yak asr bad az Ibni CHubayr guzashtaast, dar sa-farnomai khud hamin chizro az akhli Makka guzorish dodaast. Gufta-nist, ki hayati donishmandoni shakhri Kembrij Ibni Batutaro darkitobhoyashon amiri sayyohoni tarikhnigor dar bayni musalmonon nomidaand. Vakte khiloli mokhi Ramazon tulu mekard, on shab dar Masji-dulharom chashne barpo megardid, dar nazdi amiri Makka tablho zadameshud, buryohoi masjid ivaz karda meshudand va dar on shamho va cha-roon afrukhta meshudand.SHabi idi Ramazon ba monandi shabi bistu haftumi on dar tamo-mi satkhi haram, manorahoi on va satkhi masjide, ki dar boloi kuhiAbukubays voke bud, shamho va kandilho afrukhta meshudand. Muaz-zinon on shabro to subh ba takbiru takhlil va zikru tasbeh va ommaimardum ba tavofu namoz va zikru duo barpo medoshtand. Pas az adoi namozi bomdod shitobon ba khonaho bargashta, libos-hoi idona mepushidand va baroi adoi namozi id dubora ba masjid me-omadand. Avvalin kase ba haram vorid meshud, bany SHayba – hojibo-ni khonai Hudo budand. Dari khonai Kabaro mekushodand va buzurgikabila dar ostonai dari on va digaron dar peshash menishastand, toon ki amiri Makka meomad. Dar mokhi Ramazon chorabinihoi farhangy va barnomahoi pur-bori manavie az sui shar peshbiny shudaand, ki ba fard shakhsiyat vachomea khuviyat mebakhshand. Binobar in, mardumi musalmon dar tulitarikhi nazdik ba yakunimhazorsolai farhangi islomy mokhi Ramazon-ro ba shukuhi khose istikbol namudaand. Tamomi chorabinihoi digarrodar on kanor guzoshta, dar du satkhi mardumy va davlaty ba barpoii barnomahoi ibodaty va tadorukoti khosi in moh pardokhtaand. Makh,filhoi ilm, halkahoi dars va nizomiyaho dar umum va yo ba tavri nisby tatil elon shuda va mardum ba tilovati Kuron, ibodat, kumakudastgirii kishrhoi gunoguni jomea va digar barnomahoi khudsozy vatazkiyai nafs mashgul meshudand.Rivoyat shuda, ki Ibni Abbos (r) dar mohi Ramazon darsi tafsir
va hadisro kanor meguzosht va ba tilovati Kuron mashgul meshud.Imom Molik (rkh,) niz dar on halkai darsi hadisro tatil mekard vaba tilovati Quron va tadabbur dar oyathoi on mepardokht. Imom SHo-fey boshad, dar mokhi Ramazon Kuronro shast bor khatm mekard.Imruz niz dar kishvari Maleyziya dar mokhi Ramazon soathoi kordar muassisahoi davlaty kam karda meshavand va dar shakhri Kuvala-lampur (Kuala-Lumpur) – poytakhti kishvar dar sathhoi iklimy va davlaty az sui hukumat musobikahoi khifz va tilovati Quron bargu-zor megardand. Dar kishvarhoi Bangladesh, Jibuty, Burkinafaso, Ba-
nin va baze kishvarhoi digari islomy ba munosibati mokhi Ramazonmaktabho tatil meshavand va dar baze kishvarhoi digar az soathoi darsy kokhish doda meshavad. Avvalin bor az sadoi tup (silokhi otashbor, pushka) baroi ogoh
namudani mardum ba farorasii vakti iftor soli 859 hijry dar shakh,-ri Kokhira istifoda shudaast. Guftaand, ki ba sultoni mamlukho Hushqadam tupe tuhfa shud va avvalin ozmoishi on ba begokhi ruzi avvali
Ramazon vakti iftor rost omad. Mardum az in hodisa khushnud gar-dida, marotibi siposi kheshro ba sulton rasonidand. Sulton niz azistikboli onho ba vajd omad va sadoi tupi saharikhury va tupi imsokva yo damidani subkhro niz bar on afzud.