VAZIYATI SIYOSI-ICHIMOII OSIYOI MIYONA DAR ARAFAI INSILOBB (1905-1917).

Dar okhiri asri XIX va ibtidoi asri XX Rossiya ba darajai olii taravdiyoti kapitalizm – imperializm rasid. Dar in davra kapitalizmi rus ba iktisodiyoti Osiyoi Miyona toraft beshtar vorid gardida, munosibathoi feodaliro vayron mekard. Albatta dar sharoiti mustamlikavi khuchumi kapital, nihoyat sust ba amal omada bud. Ba in nigoh nakarda khalkdoi mustamlika, az jumla, tojikon ba doirai nufuzi kapital kashida meshudand. CHi dar Turkiston va chi dar amorati Bukhoro molhoi istehsoli sanoati rus mavqei mahsuloti kosibonu khunarmandoni mahalliro tang karda, joi onro megiriftand.
Munosibathoi kapitalisti dar barobari nohiyahoi markaz dar kismi ziyodi kalamravi amorati Bukhoro niz paydo shudand. Hususiyati khosi munosibathoi kapitalisti dar on bud, ki voridshavii sarmoya ba iktisodiyoti in jo sust guzoshta, munosibathoi feodali afzaliyati khudro der boz nigoh medoshtand.
Istismori milli – mustamlikavi, ki khukumati podshokhi dar Osiyoi Miyona meguzarond, peshrafti taraqqiyoti kuvvahoi istehsolkunandai kishvarro boz medoshtand. Ilova az on, siesati mustamlikavi mutlakiti podshokhi sadi rokhi taravdiyoti siyosiyu iktisodii khalkdoi Osiyoi Miyona gardid. Dar tamomi davrai mustamlikavi zamini tochikon az chihati siyosi parokanda bud. Uezdi Huchand ba hayati viloyati Samarqand dokhil shuda, nohiyahoi Konibodom, Asht va Isfara tobei gubernatori harbii Farona budand. Nokhiyahoi Bukhoroi SHarki (Markaz va CHanubi Tochikistoni imruza) va Pomiri Garbi dar hayati amorati Bukhoro, Pomiri SHarqi ba hayati viloyati Farona dokhil meshudand.
CHunin taqsimoti mamurii sarzamini tochikon ba peshrafti iqtisodi, taravdiyoti kuvvahoi istehsolkunanda, khudshinosii milli va yagonagii khalki tochik khalal merasond.
Dar arafai inkilobi solhoi 1905-1907 ba monandi davrai peshtara iqtisodiyoti Osiyoi Miyona ba manfiati kapitalistoni rus muvofiqgardonda shuda bud. Kapitalistoni rus baroi qone gardonidani talaboti khud ba pakhta baroi taravdiyoti in soha dar Osiyoi Miyona ahamiyati makhsus medodand. Soli 1895 chamiyati khochagii kishlok va dar nazdi on komiteti pakhtakori tashkil doda shud. Vazifai in komitet az on iborat bud, ki maydoni kishti pakhta ziyod karda, sifati pakhtaro behtar kunad. Sol to sol maydoni kishti pakhta vase gardida, ba choi pakhtai navi mahali, pakhtai navi balandhosili amerikoi kisht karda meshud.
Agar soli 1884 dar Turkiston pakhtai navi amerikoi dar 450 kh. desyatina zamini kisht karda 7 kh. pud hosil doda boshad, soli 1887 ba mikdori 200 kh. pud pakhtai navi amerikoi istehsol karda shud. (Istoriya tadjikskogo naroda. Kn 2.-S. 199-200).
Dar nohiyahoi SHimolii Tochikiston istehsoli pakhta asosan dar ikhtiyori firmahoi «Kurdin va K» va manufakturai kaloni YAroslavsk bud. Firmaho
plantatsiyahoi khudro doshtand. Dar zaminhoi plantats iyavi pakhtai navi amerikoi kisht karda shuda, az mekhnati kiroya istifoda burda meshud. Baroi ba Rossiya kashonidani pakhta rokhi ohani Zakaspiy ahamiyati kalon dosht.
Dar barobari in, dar inkishofi khochagii qishloq va az jumla, pakhtakori moneahoi ziyod budand. Qafomonii umumii iktisodii kishvar ba mavjud nabudani rokhi naqliyot, tamin nabudani bekhatarii rokhdoi savdoi va digar dushvoriho vobasta bud. Az sababi nabudani aloqai bevositai bayni istehsolkunandagoni pakhta va muassisahoe, ki pakhtaro kor mekardand, dar bayni onho guri miyonaravon paydo shudand.
Firmahoi kapitalisti pakhtaro az dekhdonon bo yorii agenthoi khurd, tarozudoron, arobakashon bo chandin fandu fireb megiriftand. Miyonaravon az firmaho karzi darozmuddat girifta, onhoro hamchun bunak dar bayni dekhdonon pakhn mekardand. Miyonaravon dekhdononro bo har bahona fireb medodand. Dar bisyor mavridho dekhdonon badi «furukhtani» pakhta joi kharojoti sarfshudaro pur karda nametavonistand.
Dar barobari pakhtakori dar khojagii moliyu puli nokhiyahoi SHimolii Tojikiston bogdori va tokparvari ahamiyati avvalindaraja doshtand. Masalan, soli 1890 dar 1310 desyatina zamin tok parvarish karda shuda boshad, soli 1909 baroi tokparvari 5436 desyatina zamin judo shuda bud. Soli 1890 dar Uezdi Huchand 655 hazor pud kishmish istehsol karda shud. Soli 1899 in raqam ba 16045 hazor pud rasonda shud. (Istoriya tadjikskogo naroda.-T.2, kn.2.-S.203).
Dar khojagii Tojikiston on davra chorvodori niz mavqei kalon dosht. Dar in jo mikdori muayyani gusfandhoi kirgizi mahinpashm va qarokuli parvarish karda meshud. Dar khudi Uezdi Huchand har sol to 20 hazor sar chorvo va chandin pud pashm ba furush barovarda meshud.
Dar nokhiyahoi SHimolii Tojikiston kirparvari taravdi karda bud. Az nohiyahoi SHimolii Tojikiston tanho dar soli 1908 ba Rossiya 13364 pud shokhi burda shud.
Inkishofi minbadai munosibathoi moliyu puli ba tabaqaho judo shudani dekhdononro tezonid. Qismi ziyodi dekhdonon khonavayron shuda, safi mardikoronro ziyod mekardand. Qismi digari devdonon boy shudand. Masalan, soli 1908 dar Uezdi Huchand 2389 khonavodai dekhdonon tamoman zamin nadoshtand. 1000 khonavoda az 1 to 0, 25 tanob
zamin doshtand. CHunin vaziyat dar nokhiyahoi digari
Tikistoni SHimoli choy dosht.
Hamin tariq dar arafai Inkilobi solhoi 1905-1907 dar nohiyahoi SHimoli Tochikiston dar dokhili munosibathoi feodali munosibathoi kapitalisti paydo shudand, lekin asoshoi feodali be tagyir mondand va asoshoi kapitalisti mavqei ustuvor girifta natavonistand.